欲望消费与生态危机

曹孟勤(,100084):需要消费与欲望消费是两种不同的消费概念。与需要消费相比,欲望消费既无经济合理性也无道德正当性,并且是生态危机的直接原因。欲望消费根源于启蒙运动宣扬的人性观,其直接后果导致了“公有地的悲剧”和炫耀性消费,使自然资源成为任意挥霍的对象。解决生态危机的出路是遏制欲望消费,而遏制欲望消费的途径是塑造热爱自然的人性。热爱自然的人性将“节俭”视为人的美德,将欲望消费视为恶。:需要消费;欲望消费;生态危机;关爱自然:B82-05　　:A　　:1000-2804(2003)01-0058-05()2060,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,()311/20031JournalofLanzhouUniversity(SocialSciences)Vol.31No.1/Jan.2003:2002-09-29.:(WWT).:(1957-),,,,,.1983.,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,(),,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,;,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,20%,80%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,59.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,!,,,∀,,,;;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,60()20031,,,,,,100,,,,,,,,,,,:750,,#(),:,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,61.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,:万俊人.道德之维[M].广州:广东人民出版社,2000.艾伦·杜宁.多少算够[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,1997.5.全增嘏.西方哲学史[M].上海人民出版社,1993.361.!马克斯·韦伯.新教伦理与资本主义精神[M].北京:三联书店,1987.∀丹尼尔·贝尔.资本主义文化矛盾[M].北京:三联书店,1989.#阿尔贝·雅卡尔.我控诉霸道的经济[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2001.6.LustConsumerismandtheEcologicalCrisisCAOMeng-qin(SchooloftheHumanities,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing,100084,China)Abstract:Thepresentpaperdifferentiatesbetweentwoconcepts:needconsumerismandlustconsumerism.Incontrasttoneedconsumerism,lustconsumerismlacksbotheconomicrationalityandmoralappropriatenessanditconstitutesathreattotheecosystemaswell.OriginatedfromthehumanisticperspectiveasadvocatedbytheEnlightenmentthinkers,ithasnaturallyledtothetragedyofthepublicpropertyandaboastfulconsumerismthathasthenaturalresourcesasthesoleobjectofundisciplinedblundering.Theauthorsuggeststhatthesuppressionoflustconsumerismistheonlyeffectivewaytopreventecologicalcrisesandthatthereshapingofthehumanitywithlovefornatureandfrugalityinconsumptionisofvitalsignificanceintheprocess.Keywords:needconsumerism;lustconsumerism;ecologicalcrises;lovefornature(:)62()20031