ASTM-E1226-12a-Standard-Test-Method-for-Explosibil

Designation:E1226−12aStandardTestMethodforExplosibilityofDustClouds1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE1226;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.INTRODUCTIONParticulatesolidsofcombustiblematerialspresentasignificantriskofdustexplosionifsuspendedinairandsubjectedtoanignitionsource.Themethodsofthisstandardcanbeusedtodetermineifadisperseddustcloudis“explosible”and,ifso,towhatdegreeitisexplosible,thatis,its“explosibility.”Knowledgethatadustmaybeexplosibleifdispersedasadustcloudisimportantintheconductofaprocesshazardsafetyreview.Containedhereinisanexplosibilityorgo/no-goscreeningtestprocedureforthepurposeofdeterminingwhetheradustsampleisexplosible.Ifadustisexplosible,theexplosibilityparameters,maximumexplosionpressure,Pmax;maximumrateofpressurerise,(dP/dt)max;andexplosibilityindex,KSt,areusefulinthedesignofexplosionpreventionandcontrolmeasuresasdescribedinnational(NFPA)andinternational(ISO,CENandothers)explosionprotectionstandards.1.Scope1.1Purpose.Thepurposeofthistestmethodistoprovidestandardtestmethodsforcharacterizingthe“explosibility”ofdustcloudsintwoways,firstbydeterminingifadustis“explosible,”meaningacloudofdustdispersedinairiscapableofpropagatingadeflagration,whichcouldcauseaflashfireorexplosion;or,ifexplosible,determiningthedegreeof“explosibility,”meaningthepotentialexplosionhazardofadustcloudascharacterizedbythedustexplosibilityparameters,maximumexplosionpressure,Pmax;maximumrateofpressurerise,(dP/dt)max;andexplosibilityindex,KSt.1.2Limitations.Resultsobtainedbytheapplicationofthemethodsofthisstandardpertainonlytocertaincombustioncharacteristicsofdisperseddustclouds.Noinferenceshouldbedrawnfromsuchresultsrelatingtothecombustioncharacter-isticsofdustsinotherformsorconditions(forexample,ignitiontemperatureorsparkignitionenergyofdustclouds,ignitionpropertiesofdustlayersonhotsurfaces,ignitionofbulkdustinheatedenvironments,etc.)1.3Use.Itisintendedthatresultsobtainedbyapplicationofthistestbeusedaselementsofanexplosionriskassessmentthattakesintoaccountotherpertinentriskfactors;andinthespecificationofexplosionpreventionsystems(see,forexampleNFPA68,NFPA69,andNFPA654)whenusedinconjunctionwithapprovedorrecognizeddesignmethodsbythoseskilledintheart.NOTE1—Historically,theevaluationofthedeflagrationparametersofmaximumpressureandmaximumrateofpressurerisehasbeenperformedusinga1.2-LHartmannApparatus.TestMethodE789,whichdescribesthismethod,hasbeenwithdrawn.Theuseofdataobtainedfromthetestmethodinthedesignofexplosionprotectionsystemsisnotrecommended.1.4ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthisstandard.1.5Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:2D3173TestMethodforMoistureintheAnalysisSampleofCoalandCokeD3175TestMethodforVolatileMatterintheAnalysisSampleofCoalandCokeE789TestMethodforDustExplosionsina1.2-LitreClosedCylindricalVessel(Withdrawn2007)31ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE27onHazardPotentialofChemicalsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE27.05onExplosibilityandIgnitabilityofDustClouds.CurrenteditionapprovedDec.1,2012.PublishedJanuary2013.Originallyapprovedin1988.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2012asE1226–12.DOI:10.1520/E1226-12A.2ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandardsvolumeinformation,refertothestandard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.3Thelastapprovedversionofthishistoricalstandardisreferencedon©ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959.UnitedStates1--``,,,,,`,`,`,,`,`,`,,`,,``,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---E1445TerminologyRelatingtoHazardPotentialofChemi-calsE1515TestMethodforMinimumExplosibleConcentrationofCombustibleDusts2.2NFPAPublication:4NFPA68StandardonExplosionProtectionByDeflagrationVentingNFPA69StandardonExplosionPreventionSystemsNFPA654StandardforthePreventionofFireandDustExplosionsfromtheManufacturing,Processing,andHan-dlingofCombustibleParticulateSolids2.3VDIStandard:VDI-3673PressureReleaseofDustExplosions52.4ISOStandard:ISO6184/1ExplosionProtectionSystems,Part1,Determi-nationofExplosionIndicesofCombustibleDustsinAir63.Terminology3.1FordeterminationoftermsrelatingtohazardpotentialofchemicalsseeTerminologyE1445.3.2DefinitionsofTermsSpecifictoThisStandard:3.2.1Pex—themaximumpressurerise(abovethepressureinthevesselatthetimeofignition)producedduringthecourseofasingledeflagrationtest(seeFig.1).3.2.2Pm—maximumpressureriseproducedduringthecourseofasingledeflagrationtestthatiscorrectedfortheeffectsofignitorpressureandcoolinginthe20-Lvessel(seeSecti