非谓语动词(不定式)

非谓语动词动词不定式TheinfinitiveoftheVerb↗基本形式→↘tododoingdone｝分词现在分词动名词过去分词非谓语动词的特点：在句中不充当______________谓语动词不定式(todo)一、不定式的时态（语态）一般式完成式进行式完成进行式todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoing(被动)tobedone(被动)tohavebeendone意义（时间）表示的动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或发生在其后之后发生同时发生之前发生，到谓语动作发生时，可能停止，也有可能持续下去Haveatry1.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif____whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.AtohaveseenBTosee2.Robertissaid_____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.AtohavestudiedBtostudyCtobestudyingDtohavebeenstudying3.Themeeting______tomorrowisofgreatimportanceAtobeheldBheldCbeingDtohavebeenheldstudiesyesterdaywas二、不定式的否定形式：在to前加not或never即nottodonottohavedonenottobeingdoingnottohavebeendoingHaveatryMrssmithswarnedherdaughter______afterdrinking.AnevertodriveBtoneverdriveCneverdrivingDneverdriveTomkeptquietabouttheaccident_____losehisjob.AsonotastoBsoasnottoCsoastonotDnotsoasto表语主语宾语不定式补语定语状语三、不定式在句中充当的成分或功能1.作主语（位置有以下两种）(1)把不定式置于句首如：Togotherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语（不定式）置于句后。常用于下列句型中It+be+n+todo骑自行车去那花了我们半个小时。Ittakesushalfanhourtogotherebybike.It+be+adj+forsb+todo对我来说明天到这来比较方便。It+be+adj+ofsb+todoItwasselfishofhimnottocontributeanything.of与for的区别Itwillbeconvenientformetocometomorrow.他什么都不捐献是很自私的.It+seems/appears+adj+todo视乎…Itseemsimpossibleforhimtounderstandmodernmusic.2.作宾语作动词宾语affordtodo/learntodo/decidetodo……用“it”作形式宾语代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：动词+it+补语+todo把做…当做规则/责任/必要地makeitarule/duty/responsibility/necessarytodosthIdon’tthink_____necessarytomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.AthisBthatCitsDit我认为对我们来说学好一门外语使狠重要的。Ithinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell3.“疑问词+todo”作动词宾语↓相当于名词我不知道如何处理这个问题。Idon’tknowhowtodealwiththeproblem.HaveatryWhilestillayoungboy,Tomknewhowtoplaythepiano.1.当Tom还是晓男孩的时候，他就知道怎样弹钢琴了2.ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_________.AitwhattodowithBwhattodowithitCwhattodowithitDtodowhatwithit3.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______inmynewjobAexpectedBtoexpectCtobeexpectingDexpects注：有时疑问词前可用介词Ihavenoideaofhowtodoit.3.作补语（1）使役动词后作宾语补足语getsbtodo/leavesbtodo,但have,let,make后跟不带“to”的动词不定式，即have/let/make+sb+do(2)作感官动词的宾语补足语see,watch/lookat/notice/observe/hear/listento/smell/feel/find+sb+do注意：在被动语态中，还原”to”sbbeseentodo/sbbewatchedtodosbbelistenedtotodo4.作表语连系动词+todobe+todo表将来表目的谓语通常是：desire,hope,wish,aim,purposeHaveatryThepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,______itmoredifficult.AnotmakeBnottomakeCnotmakingDdonotmakeInsuchadryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey____.AhavesurvivedBaretosurviveCwouldsurviveDwillsurvive注意：当主语部分出现”do或did或does或todo”时，作表语的不定式常不带”to”.如：Theonlythingtodoiswritetohim.主语表语5作定语(1)时间上，表示将来的动作我有很多信要打。接下来的几年(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系。每天早上她带报纸给他读若使vi，则需加介词他居住在舒适的房子里。Hehasacomfortablehousetolivein.Ihavemanyletterstotype.yearstoapproachEverymorningshebringshimthepapertoread.注意：todo与被修饰词之间若有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系，尽管有被动含义，却仍用主动形式；若只有动宾关系，却没有逻辑上的主谓关系，则需要用被动形式。1)I’mfreenow.Ihavelotsofletters_____.2)---“Doyouhaveanything___,ProfessorSmith?”---“No,thanks.”A.totypeB.typingC.tobetypedD.beingtypedACHaveatry在英语学习方面，我们还有很长的路要走。InEnglishstudy,westillhavealongwaytogo.I’mgoingtoBeijingnextweek.Doyouhaveanything_____toyourson?tobetakenAreyougoingtoBeijing?Doyouhaveanything__________toyourson?totake用take的正确形式填空(3)由only,last,next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。张先生总是第一个到办公室，最后一个走。Mr.Zhangisalwaysthefirstman__________attheofficeand_______________________.他是做这个工作的最好人选。Heis___________________thework.6.作状语（1）作目的状语句首，通常用逗号隔开;句尾，不用逗号隔开inordertodo和soastodo也表目的不位于句首toarrivethelastmantoleavethebestonetodo---Cantheprojectbefinishedasplanned?---Sure,______itcompletedintime,we’llworktwomorehoursaday.AhavinggotBtogetCgetting_______forgetit,I’llwritedownhispostcode.AInordertonotBSoasnottoCHavingnotDInordernotto(2)作结果状语(表出乎意料的结果）just/never/only+todoThenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only____thefilmstarshadleft.AtotellBtobetoldCtellingDtold表结果的还有：so…asto…/such…asto/enough…to/too…to(3)作原因状语在表心里感受的形容词后用todo。Be+happy,glad,sad,frightened,sorry,delighted,surprised,determined,willing+todo很抱歉听到这件事。Iwassurprised______.AwatchinghimtoeatsoquicklyBwatchhimeatsoquicklyCwatchhiseatsoquicklyDtowatchhimeatsoquicklyIamsorrytohearthat.1.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier________itmoredifficult.(MET99)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______inmynewjob.(MET2000)A.ExpectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects3.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouplesbutitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.(MET2001)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen4.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_____thefirstcomputer.(MET1993)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented5.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_______tocarryallthewayhome.(MET2003)A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.(MET95)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto7.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.(MET92)A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking8.Therearefivepairs___,butI'matalosswhichtobuy.(1999