非谓语动词(含07、08高考真题)p63

非谓语动词Non-predicateVerbs高考语法复习系列一什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？二非谓语动词有哪些？有哪些具体的不同形式？三不同的非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作的先后关系是什么？四非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？I.要点知识检查及重难点强调与提醒一、什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。①Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand_____downtoeatourpicniclunch.(2005上海）A.sittingB.havingsatC.tositD.satD②Pricesofdailygoods_____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.havebeenboughtD.buyingB非谓语不定式（todo)过去分词(-ed)-ing分词-ed分词二非谓语动词有哪些？非谓语动词有哪些不同的形式？非谓语动词一般式完成式一般式完成式动词不定式过去分词tobedonetohavebeendonebeingdonehavingbeendone及物动词的过去分词既表示被动又表示动作已完成,个别动词的过去分词只表示完成(多数为不及物动词)主动形式被动形式todotohavedonedoinghavingdone不定式除一般式、完成式以外还有__________进行式done-ing分词三非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作的先后关系是什么？弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在非谓语表示的动作非谓语动词的形式在谓语表示的动作之后与谓语表示的动作同时发生在谓语表示的动作之前todo/tobedonetodo/tobedone/tobedoing;doing/beingdone;done;tohavedone/tohavebeendone;havingdone/havingbeendone非谓语动词主语宾语宾补主补定语状语表语不定式-ing分词过去分词四非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。1)Smokingisprohibited(禁止)here.2)Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.(抽象)(具体)Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。1).It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.________theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohaveB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having2).Infact_____isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantmatch.A.thisB.thatC.thereD.itDD下列句型中常用动名词作主语:Itis/wasnouse/goodnotanyuse/goodoflittleuse/gooduseless+doingsth.非谓语动词主语宾语宾补主补定语状语表语不定式-ing分词过去分词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√不定式和动名词都可作宾语,有何区别？2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语3.有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区别4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：……manage,promise,pretend,plan,offer,agree,ask,dare,choose,fail,help(帮助)，want(想要),refuse等。2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：……practise,appreciate,dislike,excuse,forgive,keep,resist,risk,deny,advise,fancy,complete,forbid,permit,allow,stand,referto,giveup,leadto,taketo,setabout,getdownto,objectto,succeedin,havedifficultyin...1)Ican’tstand______withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_____talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop2)Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk____thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglostCB3.有些动词如begin,start;love,like,hate,prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为)。Ilike__________verymuch,butIdon'tlike_________thisafternoon.A.swimming,swimmingB.toswim,toswimC.swimming,toswimD.toswim,swimmingCLittleJimshouldlove__________tothetheatrethiseveningA.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking如果like,love,prefer前有would/should,后面则应该接动词不定式。AAwouldlike还有哪些用法？思考：下列情况中动词后接不定式还是接ing分词作宾语呢？1.OnlythendidIbegin__________________(see)shewasreallygoodtome.2.Themomenthereturnedhome,Iwasstarting/beginning____________________(cook)supper.3.Thewaterbegan________________(freeze).4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。讨论：有哪些单词或短语？goon(stop/remember/regret)todo/doingcan’thelptodo/doingbeusedtodo/doing(getusedtodoing)(usedtodo)非谓语动词主语宾语宾补主补定语状语表语不定式-ing分词过去分词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√Childrenshouldbeallowed______theirowndecisions.A.makingB.tomakeC.makeD.havingmadeBMyadvisorencouraged_____asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotakeD1.能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：ask,advise,tell,force,get,allow,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,intend,expect,encourage,persuade,permit,request,order,warn,cause等。2.使役动词，感官动词接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语；和带to的不定式作主语补足语。常见的使役动词有make,let,have等；感官动词有see,hear,watch,observe,notice,feel以及lookat,listento等。翻译：你宁愿让谁和你一起去？3.不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表达的意义不同。①Iheardher______(sing)anEnglishsongjustnow.②Iheardher________(sing)anEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.③IheardtheEnglishsong______(sing)manytimes.(4)IheardtheEnglishsong____________(sing)whenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.singsingingsungbeingsung非谓语动词主语宾语宾补主补定语状语表语不定式-ing分词过去分词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√不定式、ing分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。不定式作定语和被修饰的名词具有“动宾关系”,即被修饰的名词是不定式的动作的承受者;如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式动词后加上相应的介词分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如：①Thequestion__________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofquiteimportance.②Thequestion_____________(discuss)atthemeetingnowisofquiteimportance.③Thequestion______________(discuss)atthemeetingtomorrowisofquiteimportance.discussedbeingdiscussedtobediscussed注：ing分词作定语有时意义不同：flyingfish飞鱼arunningdog走狗afallingtide落潮acryingboy哭着的孩子arunningmachineaswimmingpoolawaitingroomawalkingstickafishingpoleareadingroom非谓语动词主语宾语宾补主补定语状语表语不定式-ing分词过去分词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。Practise1).When_______(heat)waterwillbechangedintovapour.While_______(heat)water,wecanchangeitintovapour.2)______(see)fromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful._______(see)fromthehill,youwillfindthecitybeautiful.3)Generallyspeaking,when________(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.If________(take)thedrugaccordingtothedirections,youwillbebettersoon.heatedheatingSeenSeeingtakentaking分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。1)Beinga