(张丽萍)阅读理解--推断题解题方法公开课(4.7)

ByMissZhangLead-in:Therearethreemenonatrain.Mr.AspeaksEnglishandChinese.Mr.BspeaksFrenchandEnglish.Mr.CcanonlytalkwithMr.A.WhatlanguagedoesMr.Cspeak?Chinese.APuzzleEnglishEnglish年份事实细节词义猜测推理判断主旨概括2010年91412011年131512012年131422013年92632014年102711.推断隐含意义2.推断作者观点或态度3.推断写作目的4.推断文章出处推断题分类1.问题形式:Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.Fromthetextweknowthat…ismostlikely.Whenthewritertalksabout…,whatthewriterreallymeansis.Thewritersuggeststhat.Thestoryimplies/indicatesthat.Wecaninfer/concludefromthepassagethat.这类题干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,concludeindicate(暗示)等标志性词语。正确选项的特点*不是文中明确说明的内容,没有引申推理就不是正确选项。干扰选项的特点*只是原文的简单复述,而非推断出来的结论。*看似从原文推断出来的结论,然而实际上与原文不符*根据考生已有的常识是正确的,但是却不是基于文章*推理过头,引申过渡。解答这类题的一般步骤是：1.定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。2.字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义。3.深层理解：结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。2、WhenMr.Reidwasyoung,he_______?A.wasadriver.B.livedafulllife.C.workedinacarfactory.D.didn’thaveapositiveaiminlife.Aboutahalfcenturyago,inhis20s,Mr.Reidwasnotinschool.Instead,hewasracingcarsandchasinggirls.ButhesayshisfriendBillinvitedhimtoUVAparties.（1分钟）1技巧点拨1：抓住某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，进行逆向或正向推理Itisfuntoturnoverabigrockonthebeach.Makesureyouturntherockbacktothepositionitwasinafteryoumovedit.Ifyoudon’tturnitbackover,alltheseaanimalsunderitorclingingto（依附）theundersidewilldie.（1.5分钟）3、Thepassageimpliesthatrocks________.A.hurtseaanimalsB.protectseaanimalsC.won’tbefoundonbeachesD.can’tbefoundonbeaches4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutTom’smother?A.Shewasarichlady.B.SherefusedTom’srequest.C.ShewantedTomtobeasuperhero.D.ShewantedtogetTomthroughthepain.Thedaybeforehisthirdtriptotheoperatingroom,Tomwasterriblyafraid.“MaybeIcouldgoasSuperman,”hewhisperedtohismom.Hearingthis,themotherhesitatedforwhile.Shehasavoidedbuyingtheexpensivecostume(戏装),butfinallysheagreed.(2分钟)3【技巧点拨2】1).全面分析2).忠实原文3).不要选择表层信息1.问题形式:Thewriter’sattitudetoward…is______.Thewriterthoughtthat______.Accordingtotheauthor______.4、WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthepartiesinLondon?A.Abitunusual.B.Fulloftricks.C.Lesscostly.D.Moreinteresting.ButinLondon,dinnerpartiesareinpeople‘shomes.Notonlythat,theguestsareaninterestingmix.ThelasttimeIwenttoone,theguestswerefromFrance,India,DenmarkandNigeria;itwaslikeagatheringattheUnitedNations.InNewYorkthemixislessstriking.It’slikeagatheringatBloomingdale‘s,awell-knowndepartmentstore.（1.5分钟）【技巧点拨3】1).注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子；2).推断出作者的弦外之音；3).站在作者的立场或角度。41.Questionforms:(1)考查整篇文章的写作目的A.Thewriter’spurposeofwritingthispassageisto_____.B.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?C.Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto_____.(2)考查某处细节的写作意图A.Thewriterusestheexampleof…toshowthat_____.B.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_____.C.…arementionedinthefirstparagraphto_____.【技巧点拨4】(1)根据文体类别推断写作目的(2)从写作手法来推断写作目的45.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?A.Tocallpeople'sattentiontooceanpollution.B.Towarnpeopleofshippingsafetyintheocean.C.Toexplainauniquewayofstudyingoceancurrents.D.Togivetipsonhowtosearchforlostobjectsonthebeach.Scientiststodayaremakinggreaterefforttostudyoceancurrents(洋流).Mostdoitusingsatellitesandotherhigh-techequipment.However,oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway---bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage.Ascientistwithmanyyears’experience,hestartedthistypeofresearchintheearly1990swhenheheardabouthundredsofathleticshoeswashingupontheshoresofthenorthwestcoastoftheUnitedStates.Thereweresomanyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswapmeetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear.(2分钟)5【技巧点拨5】1.段落中出现表转折的词语(如however,but,infact,actually,while,onthecontrary,incontrast等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。3.表示总结或结论的话常有therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等。7、Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.(1.5分钟）61.开头提出问题——让读者关注主题。2.简介相关事物——为了引出主题。3.列举具体事例——说明文段的主题。【技巧点拨6】1.Questionforms:Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom______.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof___.whereApplicationTextbook…NewsreportAgeographybookAnadAwebsite/ablogAbooklet小册子TV/RadioprogrammeAguidebookDon’twanderaimlesslythroughlife.Getconfusedonyourgoals,starthelpingothersinneed,andlivelifetothefullest!Lifeistooshorttobeanythingbuthappy.Visitmyblogandfindwhatyou’vebeenmissing.Sighupformynewsletterandgetsevenfreeebooks,too!Readhundredsofarticleswhileyou’rethereinthearticlesection,whichisupdateddaily.（2分钟）Thistextmustbetakenfrom___________AaradioprogramB.awebsiteC.anewspaperD.aTVprogram【技巧点拨6】这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处1.Trytocompleteexercises1-4onyourownin6minutes.2.Discusswithyourgroupmembersandspeakoutthereasonsandskills.1.推断隐含意义2.推断作者的观点态度3.推断作者的写作目的4.推断文章的出处1.推断细节，必须吃透相关文段的意思。2.推断作者的观点态度，应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心思想。3.推断作者的写作目的，应当关注主题句，同时把握文章的体裁也可以推断出作者的写作目的。4.推断文章的出处，应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处。Homework•完成导学案•2012-2014高考•推理判断