必修4-unit-4-body-language-语法

Unit4BodyLanguageGrammarV-ingformasAttributeandAdverbial现在分词做定语和状语一:V-ing形式由“do＋ing”构成,其否定形式是“notdo+ing”。如：working否定：notworkinghavingworkednothavingworkedGrammarV-ing形式V-ing形式做定语现在分词及其短语可以在句子中作定语，用来修饰限定名词。表示“......的”意思.例：asingingbird一只唱歌的鸟adogbarkinginthestreet一条在街上叫的狗1．现在分词作定语时的位置(1)现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词之前；例如：Heisa(n)player.他是一个攻击型的运动员。(2)分词短语用于它所修饰词的后面。Theylivedaroomthirtyyearsago.三十年前，他住在一个朝北的房间里。attackingfacingthenorth(3)如现在分词修饰由some/any/no+thing/body/one所形成的不定代词或指示代词those时，现在分词在这些被修饰词的后面。例如：Anyonewillbepunished.正在游泳的任何人都将受到惩罚。swimming(1)现在分词(v+ing)表进行意思和主动意思例：Iamdoinghomework.我正在做家庭作业。Theflowerisgrowing.花朵在生长。2.现在分词与被修饰词为主动关系表示正在进行的动作(2)用现在分词(v+ing)作定语时,表示正在发生的动作。例如：Themanrunningisourteacher.正在跑的那个人是我们的老师。TheboyplayinggamesisPeter.正在玩游戏的男孩是皮特。3、如果一个及物动词作定语，既表达进行意思,又表达被动意思时，可用现在分词的被动语态。例如：Themeetingbeingheldisveryimportant.正召开的会议很重要。Thehousebeingbuiltishigherthanthatbuiltthelastyear.正在建的那所房子比去年建的那所还高。beingdoneV-ing形式做状语如果现在分词（v+ing)用于修饰某个动词，此时它作状语。例:(1)Thereisabirdsinginginthetree.有一只正在树上唱歌的鸟。(2)Havingfinishedhishomework，theboywentout.完成家庭作业后，这个男孩就出去了。(作定语)(作状语)V-ing形式做状语的类型•1.做时间状语•2.做原因状语•3.做条件状语•4.做让步状语•5.做伴随状语•6.做结果状语•7.做目的状语Climbingtothetopofthehill,wesawabeautifulview.=Whenweclimbedthetopofthehill,wesawabeautifulview.当我们爬上山顶后，我们看到了一幅美丽的景象。Hearingthenews,sheburstintotears.当听到这条消息，她流出了泪水。1.做时间状语V-ing形式做时间状语，意为，“当…时”2.做原因状语V-ing做原因状语，意为，“因为，由于的意思”Notknowingheraddress,Icouldonlytelephoneher.=BecauseIdidn'tknowheraddress,Icouldonlytelephoneher.由于不知道她的地址，我只能给她打电话。3.作条件状语V-ing短语作条件状语时,表假设，意为”如果”Workinghard,youwillbesucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,youwillbesucceed.如果你努力学习,你将成功。4.做让步状语V-ing做让步状语时，意为“尽管……”或“即使…”。Knowingallthis,Istillwanttoseeitformyself.=AlthoughIknowallthis,Istillwanttoseeitformyself.尽管我明白这些，我仍然想亲自去证明一下。5.作伴随状语V-ing短语作伴随状语时，它所表达的动作或状态，伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。意为“同时”Marylayonthegrass,staringatthesky.=Marylayonthegrassandstaredatthesky.玛丽躺在草地上，望着天空。6.做结果状语V-ing短语作结果状语时，是补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果，通常位于主句之后。Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.他的父母死了，他成了孤儿。7.目的状语V-ing短语，作目的状语时，意为，“为了”Hestudiedhard,tryingtopasstheexam.他努力学习，为了通过考试。1)Fourpeopleenteredtheroomlookingaroundinacuriousway.=Fourpeopleentertheroomandlookedaroundinacuriousway.(伴随状语)2)Beingpoor,hecouldn’taffordaTVset.(原因)练一练3)Workinghard,you’llsurelysucceed.条件4)Theboysatinfrontofthefarm-house,cuttingthebranch.伴随5)Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.目的状语6)Hearingthenews,hegotfrightened.=Whenheheardthenews,hegotfrightened.(时间状语)7)Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.结果1.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,____alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparingB2.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.ANotreceivingBReceivingnotCNothavingreceivedDHavingnotreceivedC3.“Can'tyouread?”Marysaid____tothenotice.AangrilypointingBandpointangrilyCangrilypointedDandangrilypointingA4.Ifyouwantaletter____,youmustkeepinmindseveralruleswhile____.Awritten;writtenBwellwritten;writingCwellwriting;writingDwellwritten;writeB5.______speaking,womenlivelongerthanmen.A.JudgingfromB.generallyC.SupposingD.TakingeverythingintoconsiderationB6.Ithasrainednonstopfortendays,completely_____ourholiday.A.ruiningB.toruinC.ruinedD.hasruinedA7.The__________PrimeMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithhistalks,_____thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.visiting,addB.visited,addingC.visiting,addingD.visited,addedC