独立主格结构常见类型及其用法

独立主格结构常见类型及其用法独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。在做这类题目时一定要小心判断，不能粗心大意。一、独立主格结构的构成形式1、逻辑主语+V-ing这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如：1.__________nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.TherebeingB.BeingC.HavingbeenD.Therewas2._______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.AstherebeingB.AstherewasC.BeingD.Therewas3._______Sunday,thelibrarydoesn'topen.A.BeingB.TherebeingC.ItbeingD.Havingbeen4.______Sunday,thelibrarydoesn'topen.A.AsitbeingB.BeingC.ItisD.Asitis2、逻辑主语+V-ed该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。如：1._________,thetrainstarted.A.ThesignalgivenB.GivingthesignalB.ThesignalbeinggivenD.Thesignalgiving2.__________,thetrainstarted.A.AfterhavinggiventhesignalB.AfterthesignalgivenC.GivingthesignalD.Afterthesignalwasgiven3._________,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.A.ExplainingnewwordsB.NewwordsexplainedC.BeingexplainednewwordsD.Havingexplainednewwords4.______________,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.A.WhennewwordswereexplainedB.ExplainingnewwordsC.NewwordsexplainingD.Beingexplainednewwords3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。如：1.___________,thepatientcanleavethehospital.A.BetterconditionsB.ConditionsbetterC.ConditionsarebetterD.Beingbetterconditions2._________,thepatientcanleavethehospital.A.IfbetterconditionsB.IfconditionsbetterC.IfconditionsarebetterD.Beingbetterconditions3.________,we’dliketogoouting.A.BeingSundayB.SundayOKC.SundayisOKD.IfSundayOK4.___________,we’dliketogoouting.A.IfSundayisOKB.SundaybeingOKC.SundayOKD.A,BandC5._________,youcanwaitawhile.A.TheplaybeingstillonB.TheplaystillonCBeingstillontheplayD.AandB6._________,soyoucanwaitawhileA.TheplayisstillonB.TheplaybeingstillonC.AstheplayisstillonD.Theplaystillon4、逻辑主语+介词短语该结构相当于不带动词的“主—系—介词短语”结构。如：1.Theboyfollowedthenoblemanhere,___________.A.aswordinhandB.aswordinhishandB.BeingaswordinhandD.swordinhand2.Theboyfollowedthenoblemanhere___________.A.withaswordinhishandB.withaswordinhandC.withaswordbeinginhandD.aswordbeinginhand3.Helefttheoffice,__________.A.tearsbeingineyesB.tearsineyesC.beingtearsineyesD.withtearsbeingineyes4.Helefttheoffice__________.A.withtearsbeingineyesB.withtearsinhereyesC.beingtearsineyesD.tearsbeingineyes二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：1、原因状语该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如：1.________nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.TherebeingB.AstherewasC.TherewasD.AandB2._________Sunday,thelibrarydoesn'topen.A.ItbeingB.AsitisC.BeingD.AandB3.____________,Ihadtoaskfortwodays’leave.A.MotherbeingillB.MotherillC.AsmotherwasillD.A,BandC4.____________,wehavetoworklateintothenight.A.TheexamnearB.TheexambeingnearC.AstheexamisnearD.A,BandC2、时间状语独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由when,assoonas,after等引导的时间状语从句。如：1.__________,thetrainstarted.A.ThesignalgivenB.AfterthesignalwasgivenC.GiventhesignalD.AandB2.__________,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.A.NewwordsexplainedB.WhennewwordswereexplainedC.WhenteacherexplainednewwordsD.allabove3、条件状语独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if引导的条件状语从句。如：1.___________,we'llgotovisittheGreatWall.A.WeatherpermittingB.IfweatherpermitsC.IfpermittingD.AandB2._________,thepatientwillrecoverhimselfsoon.A.IfthetreatmentisintimeB.ThetreatmentintimeC.ThetreatmentbeingintimeD.A,BandC4、伴随状语独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如：1.Wehavelessonseveryday,___________.A.SundayincludedB.SundayincludingC.SundayisincludingD.alltheabove2.Theboyfellasleep,___________.A.caponheadB.withacaponheadC.acaponwasonheadD.alltheabove3.Fathercamehome,_________A.adogfollowinghimB.adogfollowedhimC.beingfollowedbyadogD.alltheabovewith+复合宾语结构常见类型及其用法“with+复合宾语”结构是指“with+宾语（名词或代词）+非谓语动词（分词、不定式）、介词短语、形容词或副词等”所构成的一种介词短语。该结构内部若是动词，则其非谓语形式的选用要注意三点：若内部动词表示将来（无论主动还是被动），则用不定式；若内部动词表示被动且属过去，则用过去分词；若内部动词表示持续主动动作，则用现在分词。该结构在句子中可以作以下几种成分：1、原因状语1.Withtheman______usahead,wehadnotroublefindingthevillage.A.ToguideB.GuidingC.GuidedD.Tohaveguide2.Withalotofwork_____,shedoesn’thavetimetorest.A.todoB.tobedoneC.doingD.done3.Withthemachine_____allthetime,wefinishedharvestingcropsintime.A.toworkB.workedC.workingD.Beingworking2、时间状语1.Thestreetlooksmorebeautifulwithallthelights_____.A.areonB.onC.tobeonD.beenon2.Withourproblem________,weallfelthappy.A.tosettleB.tobesettledC.settledD.beingsettled3.Withhiswork______,thesecretarybegantowalkhome.A.todoB.doingC.doneD.tobedone3、伴随状语1.Shelefttheofficeswithtears________.A.inhereyesB.ineyesB.beingineyesD.tobeineyes2.Themanfoundthedoorwithbothhiseyes______.A.tobeclosedB.beingclosedC.closedD.closing3.Wefeltuncomfortablewithtwowaitresses_______.A.standingbyB.tobestandingbyC.stoodbyD.beingstandingby4.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands________.A.tobetiedbehindB.tiedbehindC.tyingbehindD.beingtiedbehind5.Youcan’tseewell________.A.withtheglassesonB.beingontheglassesC.withtheglassestobeonD.withtheglasses4、后置定语1.Doyouknowtheman______abookinhishand?A.withB.havingC.beingD.AandB2.Pleaseofferyourseattothewoman_____ababyinherarms.A.carryingB.havingC.withD.alltheabove分词、独立主格和“with+复合宾语”作状语的区别分词结构、独立主格结构、with+复合宾语结构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的：一、分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作执行者（用现在分词）或动作承受者（用过去分词或现在分词被动式