中考完型填空专题复习

完形填空答题技巧(上下文+逻辑+固定搭配+语法+背景知识)完形填空题篇幅一般150~250个词,以故事性题材居多,体裁以记叙文或夹叙夹议文为主。多数完形填空设10空或15空,考点主要涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。近几年中考完形填空的命题有以下趋势:1.在命题角度上体现“突出语篇”的命题原则,即“突出语意填空,削减语法填空,以考查理解能力为主”;2.在题材上将更加贴近学生、贴近生活、内容新颖,富有时代气息。一．完型填空试题主要特点：1.文章中设空15个.首句不挖空；从历年的试题可以看出，完形填空所采用的短文一般不给标题，且首句往往不设空，通常是个完整的句子。这个句子往往是全文的关键句，它是了解全文的窗口，常常包含对解题有用的信息，因此要注重细读首句，并据此来判断文章的体裁，题材，推测全文的主旨和大意，推断故事发生的人物、地点、时间、气氛等多方面的特征，争取开局顺利。2.干扰项设计严密.一般情况下，选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴，干扰项填入后在语法上一般不存在错误，对考生有很大的迷惑作用；3.突出语篇(语境)，强调应用，注重交际；4.大多富有积极的教育意义，给人以人生的启迪或是充满了生活情趣；二．完型填空考查内容1、context（上下文、语境）2、logic（逻辑）3、regularcollocation（固定搭配）4、grammaranalysis（语法分析）5、backgroundknowledge（背景知识）三．完形填空的解题总则-------把握整体具体分析四．完形填空的解题步骤(1)利用首句提示（2）在掌握文章大意、弄清作者意图的基础上，根据标志性词汇或句子，推断该语境的未知信息（3）应特别注意空格前后所出现的相关词语，尤其注意找出其中重复出现的暗示性词语。(4)最后，全面复核检查，合理修正答案。借助补全的空缺，再次细读全文，反复斟酌。两忌讳：忌把完形填空当单项选择（答案不仅要在原句中合理，也要在全文中合理，要有全局观。）；忌忽略语境。跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意=2min瞻前顾后，先易后难，个个击破=10min再读全文，反复检查，验证答案=2min五．完型填空解题口诀：把握全文明主线，固定搭配记心间，原词再现莫错过，上下求索是关键。六．完形填空的解题方法1.充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。注意上下文语境2.注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。掌握习惯搭配3.注意同义词的辨义运用词义辨析４.根据动作的发出者确定所选的词5.根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项运用逻辑分析6.根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项了解常识背景7.根据作者的态度，观点，情绪来确定相关选项+运用语法分析运用排除法为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多?1.没有严格遵循答题步骤:很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章，单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表面上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率。切记:一定要用2-3分钟时间先进行缺词阅读,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空.2.不注意积累答题技巧:a.忽略文章首句的提示作用；b.忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系;c.遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择.3.时间安排不当:在几个选项上过分纠缠，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。切记:正确的做法是由易到难，先做会做的，再考虑较难的。强烈推荐：如尚有几题题目不确定可将某题的可能的两项填入空格,然后快速地整句整段地默读,选择某一项习惯或短语或动宾搭配读起来较流畅的.TipstoCloseTest:1．注重首、尾句。2．克服畏难、急躁情绪,耐心通读全文。3．切勿看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案，必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。4．动笔时先易后难,注意从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。5．如果选项从语法角度无法确定，则必须从语篇(前提示、后暗示)意义上加以鉴别。2016真题完形填空（每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Theworldneedsloveandmanypeopleneedourhelp.Severalyearsago,myteachersaskedmetotakepartinaprogramthathelpsthosewhoare31.Eachweek,Ispendanhourintheclassroomhelpingwithschoolwork,artproject,gamesandother32,includingeating.Mymotherisateacher,soIamusedtohelpingchildren;however,Ifoundthatworkingwithchildrenwithspecialneedswould33mylifeforever.Atfirst,Ithoughtitwouldbe34tobewiththechildrenwhoaresodifferent,butgraduallyIfoundthere'ssomethingspecialaboutthesestudents.Sotherewasnoneedtoworryaboutit.EachThursdayIwaswelcomedbythesmilingfacesofThomas,JoeyandMissy.Thomashastositonthewheelchair.Hecommunicateswithsimplewords35yesorno.Joey,adeafgirl,alwayswelcomedmewithabigsmile.Missywasbornwithakindof36anditmakesherreallysmallforherage.Inanormalclassroom,itwouldbecommontohearateachercomfortachildwhoistappinghispencil,speaking37ormakingunnecessarynoises.However,here,shouts,cries,andothernoisesare38．They'resignsofexcitementanddifferentwaysofcommunicating.Workingwithchildrenwithspecialneedshaschangedmylife.Ithasmademe39others'needs.Oneofmyteachersbelievesthatweshouldbepartofsomethingbiggerthan40.IneverrealizedhowtruethiswasuntilIworkedwiththesechildren.Ibelieveeveryoneshouldgetoutanddosomethingthatmakesadifference.31．A．uneducatedB．homelessC．disabled32．A．coursesB．competitionsC．activities33．A．changeB．wasteC．save34．A．nervousB．relaxingC．lively35．A．exceptB．likeC．against36．A．abilityB．illnessC．habit37．A．clearlyB．politelyC．loudly38．A．mentionedB．stoppedC．encouraged39．A．refuseB．noticeC．influence40．A．ourselvesB．yourselvesC．themselves．2015真题二、完形填空YesterdayisFather'sDay.Manythingshappeningbetweenmyfatherandmecrowdedmymind.Butonethingmadeadeepimpressiononme.ItwasaSundaymorning,andIwasina16mood(情绪).Twoofmyfriendshadgonetothemoviesthenightbeforeandhadn'tinvitedme.Iwasinmyroom17waystomakethemsorrywhenmyfathercamein.Wanttogoforaridetoday,Beck?It'sabeautifulday.No!Leavemealone!Thosewerethe18wordsIsaidtohimthatmorning.Myfriendscalledand19metogotothemallwiththemafewhourslater.Iforgottobe20withthemandthenwentwiththem.WhenIcamehome,Ifounda21onthetable.MymotherputitwhereIwouldbesuretoseeit.Dadhashadan22.PleasemeetusatHighlandParkHospital.WhenIreachedthehospital,mymothercameoutandtoldmeacarhitmyfatherandhisinjurieswereextensive(大面积的).Yourfathertoldthedrivertoleave23aloneandjustcall911,thankGod!Ifhehadmoveddaddy…Mymothermayhavesaidmore,butIdidn'thear.Ididn'thearanything24thoseterriblewords:Leavemealone.Mydadsaidtheminorderto25himself.Hedidn'twanttobehurtmore.HowmuchhadIhurthim26Ishoutedoutthosewordsathimearlierintheday?Itwasseveraldayslaterthathewas27abletohaveatalk.Iheldhishandgently,afraidofhurtinghim.Daddy…Iamsosorry…It'sokay,sweetheart.I'llbeokay.No,Isaid,Imeanabout28Isaidtoyouthatday.Youknow,thatmorning?Helookedatmeandsaid,Sweetheart,Iremember29aboutthatday,notbefore,duringoraftertheaccident.Iremembertellingyougoodnightthenightbefore,though.Hemanagedaweaksmile.MyEnglishteacheroncetoldmethatwordshavegreatpower.Theycanhurtortheycanheal(治愈).Andweallhavethepowerto30ourwords.Iamgoingtodothatverycarefullyfromnowon.16.A.goodB.terribleC.peaceful17.A.thinkingupB.givingupC.lookingup18.A.commonB.lastC.careless19.A.ledB.encouragedC.invited20.A.strictB.angryC.pleased21.A.letterB.diaryC.note22.A.acciden