不定代词讲解(初中英语语法)

不定代词㈠some的用法(1)some通常指不定数量“一些”修饰代替可数名词复数或不可数名词，即可以指人，又可以指物。常用在肯定句中。e.g.HehassomeChinesepaintings.Somelikesports,otherslikemusic.(2)some也可以用在表示“请求，建议，反问”的句子中，期待得到对方的肯定回答。e.g.Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?Didn’thegiveyousomebooks?(3)some有时可以修饰单数可数名词，表示“某个”e.g.Thismorning,someboyaskedforyou.Theremustbesomereasonforwhathe’sdone.(4)some也可以修饰数词，表示“大约”e.g.Ittookmesometwentydaystogetthere.㈡any的用法(1)不定代词any和some一样表示不定数量“一些”，修饰和代替可数名词复数和不可数名词，既可指人又可指物。但一般用在否定句、疑问句，条件从句中。e.g.Askmeifyouhaveanyquestions?Doyouhaveanyquestionstoask?Idon'tknowanyofthestudents.Doyouhaveanyquestions?Ifyouhaveany,don'thesitatetoaskme.Thereisn'tanytealeft.I'llgoandmakesomeforyou.(2)用于肯定句中，表示“任何—个”，修饰单数可数名词和不可数名词。e.g.Idon'tknowanyofyou.Anychildcananswerthatquestion.㈢no的用法(1)不定代词no只有形容词性质．—般作定浯来构成否定句，表示“不是”、“没有’。(2)用于警告、命令等。e.g.NoParking!(3)修饰表语时，有特殊的意思。试比较：e.g.Iamnoteacher．Iamnotateacher．㈣none的用法none只具有名词性质，可以代替人和事物，表示“三者(以上)都不”，“没有一个人(一件事物)。做主语时，如果谈到的是所有人的情况，动词多用复数形式；如果谈每个人的状况，则多用单数形式。它在句中还可充当同位语。e.g.Noneofusare/isafraidofdifficulties.Noneofthemhasabike.Noneofthemachinesis/areworking.Wenoneofuscansingthissong.none和neither的区别none表示“在三个或三个以上当中，没有人或物...而neither指“在两个当中，没有人或物”。e.g.Noneofthestudentshaseverreadthebook．Neitherofmyparentshaseverreadmebook．㈤both的用法both的意思是“两个都”,具有名词和形容词的性质，可做主语、宾语、同位语和定语。做主语时谓语动词用复数e.g.Bothwouldliketohaveatry.Bothareveryhonest.Weaskedbothtoputforwardtheirsuggestions.Thesetwopicturesareverybeautiful.Ilikeboth.Giveussomebread.Webothwanttotryabit.Theybothskatewell.Youcantakebothofthem.Bothmenwereinterestedinthejob.a．both后常跟of短语，of+名词，代词(复数)，接复数名词时of常省略，接复数代词时of则不省略。Both(of)thefilmswereverygood．Bothofthemaregoodteachers．b．both在句中还用做同位语，其位置取决于谓语动词的形式。①做主语同位语时，如谓语为实义动词(包括用做实义动词的have)，both位于主语之后、谓语动词之前。Webothhadahaircut．我俩都理了发。(2)如谓语部分为系动词，both则位于系动词之后和表语之前。Thechildrenwerebothtooyoung．(3)如谓语是含有助动词或情态动词的短语，both则位于助动词或情态动词之后。Myparentshavebothbeeninvited．Youmustbothcomeoversomeevening.Theytoldusbothtowait.I'vemetthembothbefore.㈥all的用法(1)当all做主语时，常代表三个以上的人，谓语动词用复数形式；指事物或情况时。往往表示“—切”、“所有的”意思，常被看作单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。当all做定语时，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。all具有名词和形容词性质，常表示“全体”、“所有的”、“一切”的意思；在句中可用做主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语或状语。e.g.Allarehere.Allisknown.Shehastoldmeallaboutit.Billvisitedallofus.That'sall.Isthatallyoucanhelpme?Alltheapplesinthatboxgobad.TheyhaveallgonetoAmerica.Weallwanttohaveatry.Heisallexcited.Shewasallwet.(2)当all用做主语时，如果后面跟有人称代词。须在它们之间加上of；如果后面跟的是名词，它们之间可of，也可不加。e.g.AllofthemarefromBeijing.All(of)thebooksarehere.(3)当all做同位语时．它在句中的位置随谓语动词而定。当谓语动词是实义动词时，all放在动词前面；谓语动词是be时．all放在be后面；谓语是由情态动词或助动词加实义动词组成时，all放在它们之间。e.g.Theyallknowtheanswer.Theyareallstudents.Youcanallgohome.(4)当all用做人称代词宾语的同位语时，all放在宾语后面。如youall,themall,usalle.g.I’llhavetothinkaboutthemallagain.㈦each的用法each具有名词和形容词的性质，在句中可用做主语、定语、宾语和同位语。指每个人或事物的个别情况，相当于汉语的“各个”e.g.Eachoftheboyshasabike.Thereareflowersoneachsideoftheriver.TwomencamecanIgaveabooktoeach.Theteachergavethepupilsfourtextbookseach.Weeachhaveanewschoolbagnow.基础训练一、用所给汉语提示填空1.Wewant_____________(他们)tohelpus.2.Thisis___________(我的)book.Thatis________________(你的).3.Thisdoesn’tlooklikemydictionary,itmustbe____________________.(你的)4.___________(他)oftenhelps____________(我们)with_____________（我们的）lessons.5.Isthisbook__________________(你的)?No,itisn’tmine_________________(我的).Itis_____________(她的).6.I’llworkouttheproblem__________________(我自己).二、选择括号中的词填空1._______________________ofthemknowsJapanese.(both,neither)2.WestudyChinese,English,mathand________________________subjects.(theother,other)3.Don’thurry,thereis________________timeleft.(little,alittle)4.Isthere___________________wrongwithyourbike?Yes,thereis________________wrongwithmyit.(something,anything)5.Idon’tlikethisone.Pleasegiveme___________________.(another,other)6.Wemustget__________________readybeforesettingoff.(everything,anything)7._________________ofusisafraidofdifficulties.(few,afew)8.DoyoumindifIaskyou____________questions?(few,afew)9.therearemanytreeson____________sidesofthestreetinBeijing.(all,both)10.Wouldyoulike______________teaorcoffee?(some,any)11.Didtheyspend____________moneyontheirtriptoHangzhou?12.There’s_________________wrongwithyou,butIamafraidyouareeatingtoo___________.(anything,nothing,many,much)13.Did____________askmewhenIwasout？(somebody,anybody)