Book8 Unit 1 language points

Unit1ALandofDiversityMainLanguagepoints1.CaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.(1)对人口提问用what,不用howmany或howmuch。What’sthepopulationofthecity?这个城市有多少人口？(2)population作主语时用单数，但前有分数、小数或百分数时，谓语动词用复数。ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofAmerica.中国人口比美国人口多。80%ofthepopulationarefarmers.百分之80的人口是农民。(3)人口的增加或减少用grow(increase)和fall(decrease);人口的多少用large和small修饰。Therehasbeenarapidincreaseinpopulationinthecityinthelastfewyears.过去几年这座城市人口增长很快。2.ItalsohasthedistinctionofbeingthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA,havingattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。1）1).distinctionn.差别；区分；卓著;adj.distinct清晰的；明显的；明确的Hehasadistinctgiftfordrawing.他有很明显的绘画天赋。Youshouldmakeyourwritingdistinct.你应把字写清楚。拓展bedistinctin...from...在某方面与……不同（as）distinctfrom与……不同（的）makeadistinctionbetween对……加以区分winadistinctionfor因……而获功勋withoutdistinction无差别地；一视同仁地翻译句子①Thereisadistinctpossibilitythatshe’llbeyourteachernextterm.②Thosetwoideasarequitedistinctfromeachother.①她下学期当你们老师的可能性非常大。②这两种观点截然不同。2).Italsohasthedistinctionofbeing…意思是Whatitisknownforis…3).前缀multi-是“多、多方面、多方想”的意思。如：multi-coloured(多色的),multi-racial(多种族的),multi-media(多媒体),multiparty(多党制),multi-purpose(多种用途)3.ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。▲meansn.手段；方法（单数和复数形式相同）Radioandtelevisionareimportantmeansofcommunication.无线电和电视是重要的通信手段。Pleasefindanalternativemeansoftransport.请另外找一种运输方式。Everymeanshasbeentried.每种方法都试过了。Allmeanshavebeentried.所有方法都试过了。拓展bymeansof用……办法；借助……byallmeans一定，务必；好的，当然可以bynomeans决不，一点也不（位于句首时句子用部分倒装）byeverymeans尽一切可能的办法Shecouldnotspeak,butmadeherwishesknownbymeansofsigns.她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。Wehavetofinishourtaskbyallmeans.我们必须竭力完成任务。Sheisbynomeanspoor,infact,sheisquiterich.她可不穷,其实她很有钱。Iwillhelpyoubyeverymeans.我会尽全力帮助你。翻译句子①这绝非解决问题的良计。②他借助一根绳子慢慢地下来了。①Thisisbynomeansagoodwaytosolvetheproblem.②Helethimselfdownslowlybymeansofarope.4.However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.1)sb./sth.islikelytodosth.某人/某物有可能做某事Itislikely/probable/possiblethat...有可能…Itispossibleforsb.todosth.....有可能做...2)辨析：likely,possible与probablepossible指客观上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；probable比possible可能性稍大，有“较为可能、大概”，指有实际依据；likely是从外表迹象判断有可能发生的事。probable:句型为Itisprobablethat…possible:句型为It’spossible(forsb.)todosth./It’spossiblethat…likely的主语可以是人，而possible与probable的主语不能是人。Ishelikelytowin?他有可能获胜吗？It’spossible,thoughnotprobable,thathewillcometomorrow.他明天可能来,但也不一定准来。5.OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen,whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontotheNatives.在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。majorityn.大多数；大半majoradj.主要的，重要的，较大的，较多的；主修的;n.主修科目；主修学生;v.主修（in）minorityn.少数，半数以下；少数派；少数民minoradj.较小的；不重要的beina/themajority占大多数beintheminority占少数TheDemocratsbecamethemajorityintheelection.民主党在这次选举中变成了多数党。Hewonbyalargemajority.他赢得了大多数票。注意：①themajority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。②themajorityof后可以接不可数名词,也可以接可数名词复数。当themajorityof+不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。当themajorityof+可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。Themajoritywas/wereforthebudget.大多数人都赞成这一预算。Themajorityofstudentsarehardworking.大多数学生都很勤奋。Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.大部分的破坏很容易修复。完成句子①Themajorityofpeople____prefer____TVto________theradio.大多数人好像喜欢看电视胜过听广播。②His______iscomputer,thatistosay,he________computer.他的专业是计算机，也就是说，他主修计算机。①seemto;watching;listeningto②major;majorsin6.Inthe16thcentury,afterthearrivalofEuropeans,thenativepeoplesufferedgreatly.vi.受痛苦；受损害vt.遭受；忍受sufferHesufferedfrompovertyallhislife.Myfathersuffersfromhighbloodpressure.Theysufferedagreatdealinthosedays.Thisscientificinstrumentsufferedseverely.Theysufferedhugelossesinthefinancialcrisis.Icannotsuffersuchrudeness.辨析：suffer与sufferfromsuffer(vt.)指一般的损害、痛苦等等,其宾语为pain,loss,grief悲伤,insult侮辱,punishment,wrong,hardship,injustice不公平,discouragement,disappointment,setback(挫折)，但sufferfrom表示遭受战争、自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之意。suffertheresult/heavylosses/injuries承受结果/遭受大损失/负伤sufferfromheadache/illness/war/theflood遭受头痛/疾病的困扰/战争／洪水7.In1911immigrantsfromDenmarkestablishedatownoftheirown,whichtodaystillkeepsuptheirDanishculture.1911年，丹麦移民建立了他们自己的城镇，至今仍然保持着丹麦文化。keepup坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）Keepup！Thenyouwillsucceed.坚持！你一定能成功。Willthefineweatherkeepup?好天气会继续保持下去吗？Wemustkeepupwiththetimes.我们必须跟上时代步伐。keepupwith跟上keepuptodate赶时髦keepback隐瞒；保留；阻止,阻挡keepaneyeon留意,照看keepintouch保持联系keepinmind记住keep...away阻止……去或接近keepoff避开；不接近完成句子①Ifthisrain________(继续)，thegardenwillberuined.②Hesuccessfullytriedto____________(赶上)hisclassmates.③Thesurvivingsailorsmanagedto________(坚持)untilthelifeboatcame.keepsupkeepupwithkeepup8.Itdidn’toccurtomethat...我没有想到……occurv.发生；出现，存在；被想起，浮现Earthquakesoccurfrequentlyinthisarea.这一地区经常发生地震。DogiraffesoccurinAfricaonly?长颈鹿是不是只在非洲才有?Abrilliantideaoccurredtome.=Abrilliantideastruckme.=Istruckonabrilliantidea.我想到一个极好的主意。Itoccurredtometovisitmyteacher.我想到要去看看我的老师。Itneveroccurredtomethathemightbeintrouble.我怎么也没有想到他会遇上麻烦。sth.occurstosb.=sth.strikessb.=sb.strikesonsth.某事被想起/某想法浮现于某人脑海中Itoccurstosb.that...某人想起某事Itoccurstosb.todosth.