项目管理(全英文)试题---有翻译

一、名词解释（5*2=10）PMI,ProjectManagementInstitute,美国项目管理学会PMP,ProjectManagementProfessional,项目管理专业人员认证PMBOK,ProjectManagementBodyofKnowledge,项目管理知识体系PLC,projectlifecycle,项目生命周期RFP,Requestforproposal,需求建议书WBS,WorkBreakdownStructure,工作分解结构CPM,Criticalpathmethod,关键路径法PERT,ProjectEvaluationandReviewTechnique,计划评审技术AOA,Activity-On-Arrow,双代号网络图法AON,Activity-on-node,单代号网络图CPI,CostPerformanceIndex,成本绩效指数(挣值(EV)/实际成本(AC))RAM,ResponsibilityAssignmentMatrix,职责分配矩阵P&L,Profitandloss损益VAT,value-addedtax,加值税、增值税QA,QualityAssurance,质量保障二、填空题（5*2=10）。1.Aprojectisanendeavourtoaccomplishaspecificobjectivethroughauniquesetofinterrelatedtasksandtheeffectiveutilizationofresources.1.项目是努力完成一个特定的目标，通过一套独特的相互关联的任务和资源的有效利用。2.Aprojectmanagerisresponsibleforplanningtheworkandthenworktheplan.项目经理负责规划工作，然后工作计划。3.Theprojectlifecyclehasfourphases:initiating,planning,performing,andclosingtheproject.项目生命周期有四个阶段︰启动、规划、执行和结束项目。4.Projectselectioninvolvesevaluatingpotentialprojectsandthendecidingwhichshouldmoveforwardtobeimplemented.项目选择涉及潜在项目评估，然后决定，应该向前来实施。5.WBSfacilitatesevaluationofcost,time,andtechnicalperformanceoftheorganizationonaproject.WBS促进评估的成本、时间和上一个项目组织的技术性能。6.TheprojectnetworkisdevelopedfromtheinformationcollectedfortheWBSandisagraphicflowchartoftheprojectjobplan.项目开发从WBS收集的信息和网络是一个图形的流程图的项目工作计划。7.Inthecontextofprojects,riskisanuncertaineventandconditionthat,ifitoccurs,hasapositiveandnegativeeffectonprojectobjectives.在项目范围内，风险是不确定的事件和条件，如果它发生，已经对项目目标的积极和消极的影响。8.Milestonesaresignificantprojecteventsthatmarkmajoraccomplishments.里程碑是重大项目事件标记的主要成就。9.Twoimportantfactorsaffectingrecruitmentaretheimportanceoftheprojectandthemanagementstructurebeingusedtocompletetheproject.有两个重要影响因素招聘有项目和管理结构被用来完成这项工程的重要性10.Themostcommonmethodforshorteningprojecttimeistoassignadditionalstaffandequipmenttoactivities.最常用的方法，缩短项目时间是将额外的工作人员和设备分配给活动三．选择题（15*2=30）1.Communicationsisbestdescribedas:A.anexchangeofinformation.B.providingwrittenororaldirections.C.consistsofsendersandreceiversD.effectivelistening.E.AlloftheaboveANS:E2.Thefollowingtypesofcostsarerelevanttomakingafinancialdecisionexcept:A.opportunitycostsB.directcostsC.sunkcostD.unavoidablecostsE.NoneoftheaboveANS:C3.Timemanagementistheallocationoftimeinaproject'slifecyclethroughtheprocessof:A.PlanningB.Estimating.C.Scheduling.D.ControllingE.Alloftheabove.ANS:E4.Aprojectelementwhichliesbetweentwoeventsiscalled:位于两个事件之间的项目元素被称为A.Anactivity.B.Acriticalpathmethod.C.Aslackmilestone.D.Atimingslot.E.Acalendarcompletionpoint.ANS:A5.Acomprehensivedefinitionofscopemanagementwouldbe:一个全面的定义的范围管理将是︰A.Managingaprojectintermsofitsobjectivethroughtheconcept,development,implementation,andterminationphasesofaproject.管理项目以及项目的概念、发展、实施和终止阶段通过其目的。B.Approvalofthescopebaseline.C.Approvalofthedetailedprojectcharter.D.Configurationcontrol.E.Approveddetailedplanningincludingbudgets,resourceallocation,linearresponsibilitychartsandmanagementsponsorship.ANS:A6.PureRiskdiffersfromBusinessRisksbecausePureRisk's_____.A.includechancesofbothprofitorlossassociatedwiththebusiness.B.includechancesoflossandnochancesforprofitassociatedwiththebusiness.包括丢失的可能性和相关业务的利润没有机会C.mustincurpersonallosswithbusinessliability.必须与业务责任招致个人损失。D.mustincurbusinessliabilityassociatedwithlossofpureprofit.E.BandCANS:BANS:D7.ThemostcommontypesofschedulesareGanttcharts,milestonecharts,lineofbalance,and:A.Networks.B.Timephasedevents.C.Calendarintegratedactivities.D.AandConly.E.BandConly.ANS:A8.Inpreparingagoodprojectdefinition,experiencedprojectmanagerswill:A.Concentratemainlyontheendproductratherthancostsorbenefits.Thesecomelater.B.Realizethatonlythetipoftheicebergmaybeshowing.Asaprojectmanager,youmustgetbeneathit.C.Understandthataprojectdefinition/planisadynamicratherthanstatictool,andthussubjecttochange.D.Trytoconvertobjectivesintoquantifiableterms.E.AlloftheaboveANS:E9.Sinceriskisassociatedwithmostprojects,thebestcourseofactionisto:A.coverallprojectrisksbybuyingappropriateinsuranceB.ignoretherisks,sincenothingcanbedoneaboutthemandmoveforwardwiththeprojectinanexpeditiousmanner.C.avoidprojectswithclearandpresentrisksD.eliminateallknownriskspriortotheexecutionphaseoftheprojectE.identifyvariousrisksandimplementactionstomitigatetheirpotentialimpactANS:E10.Riskmanagementallowstheprojectmanagerandtheprojectteamto:A.eliminatemostrisksduringtheplanningphaseoftheprojectB.identifyprojectrisksC.identifyimpactsofvariousrisksD.plansuitableresponsesE.B,CandDonlyANS:E11.Whichofthefollowingtypesofcostarerelevanttomakingfinancialdecisions:A.sunkcostB.opportunitycostC.materialcostD.AandConlyE.BandConlyANS:E12.Whichofthefollowingisoftenoverlookedinachievingeffectivecommunication?A.speakingclearlyB.listeningC.interpretingD.maintainingeyecontactE.manipulatingtheconversationANS:B13.Thehighestdegreesofprojectriskanduncertaintyareassociatedwiththefollowingphaseoftheproject:A.conceptualB.executionC.cut-overD.postprojectevaluationE.AandDonlyANS:A14.Theauditingfunctionthatprovidesfeedbackaboutthequalityofoutputisreferredtoas:A.qualitycontrol.B.qualityplanning.C.qualityassurance.D.quality