【3年高考2年模拟】2016届人教版新课标高三英语一轮复习课件 写作指导三 句式变化

1句式变化指导很多考生的英语作文句式单一、呆板,语言缺乏多样性和灵活性,这与高考作文要求考生的语言结构富于变化、错落有致差距甚远。要想使语言富于变化,考生就要多练习英语句型的改写或转换,为写作打好句型基础。句式变化一:改变句子开头许多考生在写作中倾向于用与人有关系的词,经常用名词和代词作为句子的开头,如People,We,I,He,They,She等。但这种开头见多了,难免让人厌倦。试比较:写作指导A.Peoplethroughoutthecountryhavegreatlydemandedallkindsofnutri-tiousfood.B.Thereisagreatdemandacrossthecountryforallkindsofnutritiousfood.第二句用“therebe句型”开头,这样既改变了“主语+谓语+宾语”的单调句型,又把想强调的意思突显出来。实际上,为了把文章写得生动活泼,除了用主语开头外,还可以用句子的其他成分开头。1.用状语开头Toooften,studentsstrayintothehabitofcheatingontests.Darkandempty,thehouselookedverydifferentfromthewayIrememberedit.2.用同位语开头Air,waterandoxygen,everythingisnecessaryforlife.3.用表语开头Equallyessentialtothehighestsuccessinlearningalanguageisintensein-terestpluspersistenteffort.4.用宾语开头Myadviceyouwouldnotlistento;myhelpyoulaughedat.Nowyouwillhavewhatyouaskedfor.5.以短语修饰语开头(1)以介词短语开头Tomethenewswasveryinteresting,buttomywifeveryboring.(2)以分词短语开头DisturbedbythediscordofAmericanlifeinrecentdecades,JohntookflightforthePacificislands.(3)以不定式短语开头Topasstheexam,youshouldworkveryhard.句式变化二:巧用连词有的考生在作文中过多地使用简单句,成了简单句堆砌;有的写复杂句时,动辄就用so,and,then,but,or,however,yet等,这样非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的,反而使句子结构松散、呆板。为了避免这种现象,可以通过使用其他连词,尤其是一些表示从属关系的连词,如that,because,since,although,after,as,before,when,whenever,if,unless,asif等,不仅能够丰富句型,而且还能够把思想表达得更清楚,意义更连贯。如:Naturalresourcesareverylimited.Theywillbeexhaustedinthenearfuture.Itisnottrue.Butitbecomesamajorconcernaroundtheworld.Thisisawidelyacceptedfact.这段文字用几个简单句表达,它们之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清,意思支离破碎。如果使用连词,将简单句与其前后合并,形成主次关系,就把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、结构严谨。如:Itisawidelyacceptedfactthatthereisamajorconcernaroundtheworldfortheexhaustionoflimitednaturalresourcesinthenearfuture,thoughitisun-likelytobetrue.句式变化三:长短句交叉长句和短句是就句子的词数多少、形体长短而言的。长句和短句各有其优点和缺点。长句因为使用的定语、状语较多,限制了概念的外延,增大了概念的内涵,所以比较精确、严密,但使用起来不够活泼简便。短句由于词数少,直截了当,一般比较简洁、明快、有力,但不利于表达复杂的语义内容。在具体语言活动中,最好长短句交替使用。这既体现了节奏上的要求,也是意义上的需要。如:①Wecanimaginethebeautifulsurroundings.②Therearemanytreesalongthestreets.③Thereisacleanriverinthecity.④Therearemanyfishesintheriver.⑤Therearewillowtreesontheoneside.⑥Therearesomepiecesofgrasslandontheotherside.⑦Therearemanyflowersonthem.以上七个句子都是简单句,句型结构单一,而且句子长短统一都在七八词左右,十分单调。下面是修改后的段落:①Justimaginethebeautifulsurroundingsifwemakeourcitiesgreener.②Greentreeslinethestreets.③Acleanriverwindsthroughthecity,inwhichalotoffishesabound.④Ontheonesidestandrowsofwillowtrees.⑤Ontheothersideliesastretchofgrasslandsprinkledwithmanyyellowandredflowers.改写后的这段文字,有长句①、③、⑤,也有短句②和④,一长一短,抑扬顿挫的节奏感就出来了。不仅句子长短交替,而且句型结构变化也很大,使文章流畅自然、生动活泼。再如:TheMississippiRiverisoneofthelongestriversintheworld,andinspringtimeitoftenoverflowsitsbanks,andthelivesofmanypeopleareendan-gered.此句用and把三个分句一贯到底,既乏味又可笑。如果使用了关系代词which,语义就会更连贯,语言也会更流畅。如:TheMississippiRiver,whichisoneofthelongestriversintheworld,oftenoverflowsitsbanksinspringtime,endangeringthelivesofmanypeople.句式变化四:利用倒装结构英语的基本句型是S+V+O,如果偶尔打破常规,改变某一成分的位置,不仅可以丰富句型,而且能强调、突出被倒装的部分,收到意想不到的表达效果。如:Innootherplaceintheworldcanonefindsuchenthusiasmforapplyingforhostingthe2012OlympicGames.总之,英语的句式是多种多样的,只要从要表达的内容出发,合理选用,文章的句式就会富于变化。同时,在学习写作的过程中,考生应不断练习各种各样的句式构造,以提高语言表达能力。2写作典例(2014湖南)学校正在组织科技创新大赛,你想为日常生活中某件物品(如钢笔、书包、鞋子……)设计添加新功能来参赛。请以“MyMagic”为题写一篇英语短文,介绍你的创意。内容:1.说明设计理由;2.介绍新功能。注意:1.词数不少于120个;2.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。【范文】MymagicneutralwaterpenTheneutralwaterpeniswidelyusedintheprocessofstudybutweoftenhavetroubleusingthembecauseofitslimitedinkandotherinconvenience.Todealwiththeseproblems,consequently,Ihaveworkedheartandsoultocreatemyownmagicneutralwaterpen.Themostshiningfunctionofthisnewlydesignedpenisthatitwillcontainspecialinkpowderwhichmakesithaveendlessink.Furthermore,thepenismadeoftheextremelystrongmaterials,whichcanprotectthepenfromthedamagewhenitmightfalldownontotheground.Betterstill,sosmoothlydoesitwritethatitcancontributetomakingourhandwritingbetter.Suchismymagicneutralwaterpen.Areyouinterestedinit?Hopeitwillbeofgreatuseforusers.【写作点评】(1)第二段以不定式短语Todealwiththeseproblems开头,使文章句式充满多样性。(2)巧妙地运用了连词:that,when,丰富了文章的句型,也使文章更加连贯了。(3)使用了定语从句、状语从句,彰显了作者的写作功底,也增加了得分点。3跟踪训练(2015山西忻州一中期中)假如你是高三学生李华,你校正在组织寒假赴英冬令营营员选拔活动。冬令营由英国文化委员会(BritishCouncil)组织,营地在牛津大学(OxfordUniversity)。请根据以下要点给你的英国笔友John写一封电子邮件:1.你很感兴趣,认为机会难得。2.家人反对及其反对的理由。3.希望John给出建议。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可适当增加细节。DearJohn,Howiseverythinggoing?【范文】DearJohn,Howiseverythinggoing?Youknow,I’minSeniorThreenow.Aselectivetestisgoingtobeheldnextweekinourschool.ThosewhopassthetestwillhaveachancetojoinawinterholidaycampinOxfordUniversity.IthaslongbeenmydreamtotravelabroadandlearnauthenticEnglish.AndthewintercampisofficiallyorganizedbytheBritishCouncil.SoItreasuretheopportunityverymuch.NowIwouldliketoenterforthetest.However,myfamilyareallagainstit.AsfarasI’mconcerned,whattheycaremoreisthecollegeentranceexam-ination,whichIshouldconcernthemost.Idon’tthinkit’sawasteoftimetotakepartinthecamp.Couldyougivemesomeadvice?IbelieveIwillbenefitalotfromyourvaluableandtimelyadvice.I’mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua