高考名词和主谓一致讲解与练习(共48张PPT)

主谓一致讲解&实战1.名词的分类名词专有名词普通名词China,October,theGreatWall个体名词teacher,sheep集体名词family,class物质名词milk,rice抽象名词knowledge,love可数不可数2.名词的数/名词的格。1).名词的数可数名词不可数名词单数复数•可用a、an修饰，在元音发音开头的单词前用an如anegg.在辅音发音开头的单词前用a.如aboy,.•可以用数词（one除外）修饰。如twoboys•不能直接用a/an,数词修饰的名词。如water,bread.情况示例一般情况加“s”books,girls,miles以“o/s/x/ch/sh”结尾加“es”classes,boxes,watches,brushes特例:stomachs以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i再加“es”cities,countries,stories以“元音字母+y”结尾加“s”boys,days,keys1.名词的数2.单复数形式相同的词：sheep--sheep，deer-deer,Chinese--Chinese，Japanese--Japanese,swine,craft，fruit,fish3.可数名词不规则的复数形式1）改变单数名词中的原因字母，或其它形式foot—feet;goose—geese;mouse—micechild—children;ox—oxen;medium—mediabacterium—bacteria;analysis—analysesbasis—bases;crisis—crises4.只表示复数，没有单数的名词：people，police，cattle，poultry，youth，the+adj表示一类人a.单、复数形式相同名词：Chinese,Japanese,fish，fruit，Therearemanyfruit(s)onthetable.Thereareplentyoffruitonthetree.b,词尾加-s的man结尾名词：German,human,RomanTherearemanyGermansintheclub.C.以F结尾，后面直接加S的名词：belief,cliff,roof,gulf,proof,safe,chief,复合名词的复数形式1）将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law女婿lookers-on旁观者passers-by过路人2）无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,go-betweensbreakdowns3)如果修饰主体名词的是man或woman,则前后两个名词都要变复数。womansinger------womensingers女歌手manservant-------menservants男仆1).名词的数1..有些名词本身是复数形式，实际上是单复数同形:比如：series系列,species种类,means方法,Aseriesofnewproductshasbeenputintomarket.Themeansisveryeffective.Theytookmanyspeciesofmedicinetocurethepatient.2.还有一些名词本身看着像单数，但实际上是复数名词。比如:police，cattle，poultry，craft，youth，peopleThe+adj.表一类人时，Thepolicearesearchingforhim.名词复数特殊形式：1.These___havesavedmanychildren’slives.A.womandoctorB.womendoctorC.womendoctorsD.womandoctors2.Therearethree______inmyfamilyA.peopleB.personC.peoplesD.child3.Didyousee___onthetree?A.somefruits,B.anyfruit.C.fruitsD.somefruitCABDAgroupof____areeating____and____atthefootofthehill.A.sheep;grass;leavesB.sheeps;grasses;leavesC.sheep;grass;leafD.sheeps;grass;leafsA4.Wefind__diffculttostoptheeliminationof__animals.A.itis…thisspeciesB.itwas...thespeciesC.itwouldbe…thespeciesD.it...thisspecies.Two____andthree____attendedthemeeting.A.Englishmans;GermenB.Endlishmen;GermenC.Enlishmen;GermansD.Englishmans;GermansCMysisterhastwo____.A.tooth-brushesB.tooth-brushC.teeth-brushesD.teeth-brushHefoundalotof___were___.A.passers-by;grown-upsB.passer-bys;growns-upC.passer-bys;grown-upsD.passers-by;growns-upAA用法示例有生命的东西和时间、地点、距离、天气现象等名词后加“􀆳s”________pen,______’smother,_______newspaper,________weather,________walk复数名词若以“s”结尾只加’theteachers’readingroom,tenminutes’walk复合名词在最后一个词尾加’Women’sDay,th2.名词的格theboy’sLiMingToday’sBeijing’sanhour’s名词并列时,所有格形式不同,则含义不同TomandBob’sdesk汤姆和鲍勃的桌子(共有)Tom’sandBob’sdesks汤姆的桌和鲍勃的桌子(不共有)无生命的东西一般用of加名词构成thegateofthecinema,theflooroftheroom双重所有格当of短语所修饰的名词前有表示数量的词如a/two/some/any/no等时,表示所有关系的of后加名词所有格或名词性物主代词。afriend________________severalstudentsofMrSmith’s/mine当of短语所修饰的名词前有一个指示代词表示赞赏、厌恶等情绪时,of后也用名词所有格或名词性物主代词。Thatlittleson________________isreallylovely.小李的/你的那个小儿子真可爱。Thisinvention__________________isofgreatimportance.教授的/他的这项发明很重要。ofmybrother’s/hisofXiaoLi’s/yoursoftheprofessor’s/his主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：一、语法一致原则三、意义一致原则二、就近原则Theboy___diving.They____diving.BothJackandTim___diving.Allofthem____diving.NeitheryounorTom___walking.isareareisareFinishthefollowingexercises:BobBob_____aworker.isMikeMikeandBob_____workers.areBothMikeandBob___workers.areNeitherMikenorBob___ateacher.isBillNeitherofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.knows/knowAllofthem______workers.Noneofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.areknows/know1.Everyoneintheclass(is/are)surprisedatthenews.2.Allthestudentsinourclass(has/have)adictionary.3.ReadingEnglishnewspaper(is/are)agoodhabit.4.Physics(is/are)animportantsubjectinscience.5.Thatthefamousfilmstarwillcome(make/makes)herfansveryhappy.Brainstorming学科网组卷网Choosethecorrectanswers.ishaveisismakesEveryoneAllthestudentsReadingPhysicsThatthefamousfilmstarwillcome主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称、数上保持一致。主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：1.他和她都是这个学校的学生。如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。一、语法一致原则1.either...or;neither...nor;…or…;notonly...butalso,whether...or在连接主语的时候或在here,therebe句型中时,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。二、就近原则NeitheryounorIamwrong.Thereisacupofteaandsomeapplesonthetable.三、意义一致原则所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。谓语动词要用单数情况:1.动名词、不定式、从句做主语时，谓语动词要用单数。e.g.Growingflowersneedsconstantwatering.e.g.Thatitkeepsraining(worry)thetourists.e.g.Tobepraised(be)ahappything.e.g.Whenandwheretoholdthemeeting_____(have)notbeendecided.学科网worriesishas2.news,politics,physics,mathematics,maths，Times，economics，plastics等形式为复数而意义为单数的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。学科名称的名词或国名、地名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。e.g.Nonews(be)goodnews.e.g.Physics(be)afundamentalsubjectinscience.e.g.TheArabianNights(be)averyinterestingstory-book.isisis1.有的类别名词总是用作单数(不可数)：clothing衣服，poetry诗歌，baggage／luggage行李，furniture家俱,scenery景色等。2.这些名词总是表复数：people人们，police警察，cattle牲口，poultry家禽,youth，the+adj表一类人，等。3.表示时间、距离、钱额、重量、空间、体积等意义的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数。组卷网e.g.Eighthoursofsleepisenough.e.g.5hundredmiles(be)alongdistance.e.g.Tenpounds(be)missingfrommypocket.e.g.Twentyyears(have)passedsincehelefthishometown.iswashas4.morethanone/m