2019年高考英语语法专题考点梳理与练习---定语从句

12019年高考英语语法专题考点梳理与练习定语从句一、考点梳理。1.考查which/who(m)引导的非限制性定语从句which引导非限制性定语从句，用以指代整个主句的内容，或主句中某个词或短语的内容。【例】Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofIhadevermetbefore.A.themB.whoC.whomD.these【答案】C【例】Byservingothers,apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself,_____canbeveryeye-openingandrewarding.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that【答案】B【解析】which在此引导非限制性定语从句，which在定语从句中作主语，表示前面所提到的情况。【例】Chan'srestaurantonBakerStreet,___________usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.where【答案】B【解析】whichusedtobepoorlyrun为非限制性定语从句，其中的which指代前面的Chan'srestaurant。2.考查as引导的非限制性定语从句as也可指代整个主句的内容，但不同于which的是，它引导的定语从句既可以位于主句的前面，也可以位于主句的后面。它的意思是“正如”，as在这些从句中作主语或宾语。【例】____Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.A.WhenB.AfterC.AsD.Since【答案】C【解析】as引导非限制性定语从句，其意为“正如”。句意：正如我在电话中解释的那样，你的要求将在下次会议上予以考虑。【例】____isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As2【答案】D【解析】引导非限制性定语从句且位于主句之前，用as引导。句意：总是这样，我们已经制定出了生产计划。3.考查由“介词十关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词十关系代词”结构中的关系代词主要是which或whom，不能是that;其中的介词则要根据句子中的相关搭配来确定。【例】Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,_________hewentontoBeijingUniversity.A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhichD.inthat【答案】A4.考查由...ofwhich引导的定语从句这类结构主要表示所属关系、同位关系或整体与部分的关系。(1)Itisreportedthattwoschools,_____arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.A.theybothB.whichbothC.bothofthemD.bothofwhich【答案】D【解析】bothofwhicharebeingbuiltinmyhometown为非限制性定语从句，其中的which指代前面的twoschools。(2)Weshouldn'tspentourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof_________arehealthy.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom【答案】D【解析】由于先行词为somanypeople，故关系代词只能用whom，而不能用其他三个选项。其中的of表示整体与部分的关系，mostofwhom意为“他们当中的大多数”。5.考查由where，when，why引导的定语从句关系副词where，when，why引导定语从句时，它们分别在从句中充当地点状语、时间状语和原因状语。【例】Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity____sightmattersmorethanhearing．A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where【答案】D3【例】Thebookwaswrittenin1946,_________theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.A.whenB.duringwhichC.sincethenD.sincewhen【答案】D【解析】sincewhen中的when指1946，sincewhen指的是since1946，即指“自1946年起”。注意不要误选C，如果将C改为andsincethen，则可选C。6.考查whose引导的定语从句此时要注意三点：(1)whose引导的定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成“whose+名词”；(2)whose引导的定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物；(3)whose引导的定语从句指物时，可用ofwhich代替whose，但词序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich。【例】Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from_____effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what【答案】B【解析】whose引导的定语从句，表示所属关系。此处whoseeffects指theflood’seffects.句意：上个月亚洲的东南部受到洪水的袭击，现在人们仍然遭受其苦。【例】GeorgeOrwell,_________wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealname【答案】D【解析】whose引导的定语从句，表示所属关系。此处whoserealname指GeorgeOrwell’srealname.7.考查分隔式定语从句即所考查的定语从句与先行词之间插有其他修饰语。做题时应撇开其中的修饰语，直接将先行词与定语从句联系起来。【例】Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where【答案】C【解析】先行词是thehours，backtome是插入先行词与定语从句之间的干扰成分。【例】Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,________forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteam4wontheWorldCup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when【答案】D【解析】定语从句修饰的先行词是anexcitingmoment。其在定语从句中作时间状语，故用when。8.考查关系词省略的限制性定语从句能被省略的关系代词主要是用作宾语的that，which，whom，who等，且只限于限制性定语从句中。另外，theway后接定语从句修饰时，也可省略关系代词。【例】--Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?--Thereisnooneelse________,isthere?A.whototurnto.B.shecantumtoC.forwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn【答案】B【例】Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_______hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich【答案】A【解析】考查theway后接定语从句的用法。theway后接定语从句有三种用法：用inwhich引导；用that引导；省略关系词。此题属于第三种用法。9.考查定语从句与其他知识点的综合运用【例】Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho________awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen【答案】D【解析】此题形式上好像只是考查主谓一致和时态的运用，实际上关键是确定先行词。代词one前是否有定冠词决定定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式，oneofthestudents中的先行词是thestudents，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数形式；但此处theonlyoneofthestudents中的先行词是theonlyone，所以定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。而且句中因为有状语forthreeyears，要用现在完成时，所以综合判断后答案是D。5【例】Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,________Iwillalwaystreasure.A.thatB.oneC.itD.what【答案】B二、要点点拨在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词，关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as，关系副词有when,where,why。一、关系词的基本用法who指人，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语whom指人，在从句中作宾语whose指人或物，在从句中作定语that指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语as指人、物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语when指时间，在从句中作时间状语where指地点，在从句中作地点状语why指原因，在从句中作原因状语（1）Theman(whom/who/that)mymothersawinthestreetismyteacher.（2）Thebookwhich/thattellsusabouttheearthisinteresting.（3）Shelivesinahousewhosewindowsfacessouth.（4）DoyouknowtheboywhosefatherisanEnglishteacher?（5）Ihaveneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.（6）I’llneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIjoinedthearmy.（7）Iwon’tforgetthefactorywhere/inwhichmyfatherworked.（8）Tellmethereasonwhyyoucamelate.二、必须用“that”引导的定语从句1、当先行词是不定代词all，little,few,much,anything,everything,none,nothing,noone,some等时。Hedideverythingthathecouldtohelpus.关系代词关系副词62、先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,theright,last,few,just等修饰时。Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.3、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.4、当先行时前有such或thesame修饰时，先行词和关系代词指同一物时。Sheiswearingthesamedressthatsheworeyesterday.5、先行词既有人又有物时，Latertheytalkedofthingsandpersonsthatt