初中宾语从句讲解及习题

宾语从句一、宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if可以替换。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.只能用whether不能用if的情况：1）在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导例：Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney。2）宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导.例：Idon’tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.3）和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.例：Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.二、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?三、宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，既：1.主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。例:1）Shesaysthatsheisastudent.Shesaidthatshewasastudent.2）ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.3）Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.3.如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。例：Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.四、宾语从句的否定转移当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。Idon’tthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.主句的谓语动词think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?IexpectourEnglishteacherwillbebackthisweekend,won'tshe/he?Wesupposeyouhavefinishedtheproject,haven'tyou?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。Yoursistersupposessheneedsnohelp,doesn'tshe?Youthoughttheycouldhavecompletedtheproject,didn'tyou?Theydon'tbelieveshe'sanengineer,dothey?Shedoesn'texpectthatwearecomingsosoon,doesshe?五、宾语从句的简化1.当主句谓语动词是hope,decide,wish,choose,agree,promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：LiMinghopeshewillbebackverysoon.→LiMinghopestobebackverysoon.Wedecidedthatwewouldhelphim.→Wedecidedtohelphim.2.当主句谓语动词是know,learn,remember,forget,tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：Shehasforgottenhowshecanopenthewindow.→Shehasforgottenhowtoopenthewindow.注：当主句谓语动词是tell,ask,show,teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation？→Couldyoutellmehowtogettothestation？3.当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：Theheadmasterorderedthatweshouldstartatonce.→Theheadmasterorderedustostartatonce.4.某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus.→Heinsistedongoingwithus.Thepoorboydoesn’tknowwhenandwherehewasborn.→Thepoorboydoesn’tknowthetimeandtheplaceofhisbirth.5.某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语”结构。例如：LiuPingfoundthattherewasawalletlyingontheground.→LiuPingfoundawalletlyingontheground.6.动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：Itseemedthattheboysweregoingtowin.→Theboysseemedtowin.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：IfoundthatitwasdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.→IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.Soonwefoundthatthegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.→Soonwefoundthegroundcoveredwiththicksnow.Theyfoundthattheboxwasveryheavy.→Theyfoundtheboxveryheavy.宾语从句练习一．用合适的连接词填空1.WangHaitoldme_____hedidn'tgohikingyesterdayafternoon.(how,why)2.Canyoutellme______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday(who,whom)3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.(that,if)4.Healwaysthinks______hecandobetter.(how,who)5.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.(howlong,howsoon)6.Theydon'tknow_______wearegoinghiking.(when,what)7.Shewantedtoknow_______hercoatwouldbereadythenextday.(when,if)8.Iwasreallysurprisedat______Isaw.(what,who)9.Idon'tknow______somanypeoplecrowdingroundhim.(how,why)10.Doyouknow______shirtitis(whose,who's)二.选择题1.Idon'tknow_____hewillbebackhome.A.whoB.whatC.whenD.where2.Couldyoutellme___________A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein3.Doyoustillremember_______A.thathesaidB.whathesaidC.didhesaythatD.whatdidhesay4.Ican'tunderstand______theboyalone.A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft5.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen6.Theytriedtofindout______thenewtrain________.A.howfar/hadgoneB.howlong/hasgoneC.howfar/wentD.howfarhad/run7.Themanagercameuptosee__________.A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwasC.whatthematterisD.what'sthematter8.Canyoutellme___________A.whereareyoudoingB.wheredoyoustudyC.whereyouweredoingD.whereyoustudy9.It’suptoyoutodecide_______you’llgothere,byairorbyroad.A.howB.whyC.thatD.when10.Heaskedhisfather_______.A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen11.Idon’tknowwhen__________.A.willthetrainleaveB.thetrainwillleaveC.wouldthetrainleaveD.thetrainleave12.Couldyoupleaseteachme_______