同位语从句 Grammar

RevisetheAppositiveUnit2Grammar1.Tom,ourmonitor,isahandsomeboy.2.Imyselfwilldotheexperiment.3.Sheistheoldestamongthemsix.4.Hetoldmethenewsthattheplanehadexploded.名词代词数词下面句子中红色部分在句中作什么成分？从句同位语TheAppositiveThefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.同位语从句它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词常用连词that,也可以用what，whether,when,where,how等。1.Thehopethathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet.2.Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.3.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.4.Ihavenoideawhatheisdoing.5.Wecan’tsolvetheproblemhowwecantravelfasterthanlight.6.Thequestionarosewhereweweretogettheproofsneeded.Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.(同位语从句,news和从句没有逻辑关系)Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdayistrue.(定语从句,news是told的逻辑宾语)Theorderwhenweshouldgobackhasn’treachedus.(同位语从句,order和从句没有逻辑关系)ThedaywhenNewChinawasfoundedwillneverbeforgotten.(定语从句,day是founded的逻辑状语)定语从句与同位语从句的区别我们可以在名词和从句之间加be,使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。Thebeliefthattheearthisflatisstillheldinsomecountries.Thebeliefisthattheearthisflat.同位语从句的简易判断方法：ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：注意:(2)同位语从句的表现形式:①由that引导Thefactthatyouhaven’tenoughtimetodotheworkissimplyunbelievable.Thehopethathemaycomehereisnotgoneyet.ThenewsthathehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.Thetruththatheavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeedisknowntoall.Theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.②由whether引导Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.③由when引导Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo.(3)同位语从句与定语从句的区别:同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆,我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们:①同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词;定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。WeexpressthehopethattheywillcometovisitChinaagain.Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.②同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系,定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。(同位语从句)(定语从句)③同位语从句主要由连接词that引导,有时也可用when,where,who,whether等引导;定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。Thenheraisedthequestionwheretheyweretogetthemachineneeded.Doyouknowtheplacewherehewasborn?④引导同位语从句的连词不可省略;引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。Thenewsthathehasbeenelectedmonitorofourclassistrue.Thenews(that)hetoldmeisexciting.⑤同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子,谓语动词用be的不同形式。Heheardthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.Thenewswasthattheirteamhadwon.此句可以变为一个表语从句:1.Informationhasbeenputforward___moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.(2001上海)A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as解析：答案B。that引导从句作information的同位语，解释information的具体内容。高考解析2.There’safeelinginme____we’llneverknowwhataUFOis—notever.(2002上海)A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what解析：答案A。同位语从句thatwe’llneverknowwhataUFOis—notever作afeeling的同位语，解释afeeling的具体内容。that连接同位语从句时只起连接作用，不作从句的任何成分。3.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars____roadconditionsneed____.(2003上海)A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimprovedC.where;tobeimprovedD.when;improving解析：答案为A。that引导同位语从句说明“新问题”的内容。need后既可接动名词主动式，也可接动词不定式被动式作宾语。Review一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词（或起类似作用的其他形式），对前者进一步说明它指的是谁，什么等，那么这一部分就叫做同位语。区分同位语从句与定语从句。Individualactivity1.Danbyleftwordwithmysecretary______hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.(2005浙江)A.whoB.thatC.asD.whichI.Multiplechoice.2.—Isthereanypossibility______youcouldpickmeupattheairport?—Noproblem.(2009浙江)A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.what3.Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidence______smokingcanleadtomanydiseases.(2011天津)A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where1.Ihadnoidea_________________(你在这里).2.Thebelief________________________(条条大路通罗马)issharedbymanypeople.3.Thethoughtcametohim_________________________________________(或许敌人已经逃离了那个城市).thatyouwereherethatallroadsleadtoRomeII.汉译英。thatmaybetheenemyhadfledfromthecity4.I’vecomefromMr.Wang’shomewithamessage___________________________________________________________(他今天下午不能去机场为你送行了).5.Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestion______________________________________________(到哪儿去度暑假).theairporttoseeyouoffthisafternoonthathewon’tbeabletogotosummervacationwherewearegoingtospendour