选修六-Unit-3-5

选修六Units3~5Ⅰ.阅读理解ANearlyeveryonehasbadhabits.That’sbecause,tryaswemight,badhabitsarehardtobreak.Ontheotherside,goodhabits,suchaseatingmorehealthfullyorexercisingregularly,neverseemtostick.Asaresult,mostpeoplethrowuptheirhandsandsurrender．Butnowanewbook,BetterThanBefore:MasteringtheHabitsofOurEverydayLivesbybest－sellingauthorGretchenRubin,offerssomeusefulsolutions.Rubin,whobecameinterestedinhabitsduringherresearchonhappiness,whichresultedintwopopularbooks,TheHappinessProject(2009)andHappieratHome(2012),foundthatourinabilitytomasterunwantedbehaviorswasamajordowner(令人沮丧的因素)．So,afterguidingmillionsofreadersdownthepathoftruecontentedness，Rubinturnedherinvestigativeskillstowardhabits.Hermostimportantfind?Changeispossibleifwedosomesoulsearchingandidentifyhowwerespondtoexpectations.And,justabouteverybodyfallsintooneoffourpersonalitycategories：Questioners,Obligers,RebelsandUpholders.RubinbelievesherselftobeaclassicUpholder,someonewhoformshabitsrelativelyeasilybecausesherespondswelltobothotherpeople’sdeadlinesandherown.Astotheothertypes,Questionerswillonlyformahabitifitmakessensetothem;Obligersworkhardtomeetotherpeople’sexpectationsbutoftenletthemselvesdown.AndRebelsresent(反感)habits.“Thinkaboutthehabitthatyouwanttoformandthenthink:What’severythingIcoulddotosetmyselfupforsuccess？”saysRubin.Forexample,ifyouwanttoexercisemoreandyou’reanObliger,callyourfriendwholivesacrossthestreetandmeetat6：30everymorningforawalk.Onecommonpitfall(陷阱),saysRubin,especiallywhenitcomestochangingyourdiet,islackofclarity(清楚)．“Youcan’tmakeahabitoutofeatingmorehealthfully，”shesays.Instead,yourhabitshouldbesomethinglike:“I’mgoingtopackaluncheverydayandbringittoworkinsteadofeatingout.”Asforexercise,Rubinrecommendsastrategycalledpairing—couplingtwoactivities,onethatyouneedorwanttodoandonethatyoudon’tparticularlywanttodo.Rubin,forexample,onlyallowsherselftoreadmagazineswhileonfitnessequipmentatthegym.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了改掉坏习惯、培养好习惯的方法。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surrender”inParagraph1mean?A．Catchup.B．Settledown.C．Giveup.D．Calmdown.答案C[词义猜测题。由第一段中的badhabitsarehardtobreak...goodhabits...neverseemtostick.Asaresult，mostpeoplethrowuptheirhands可推断，画线词的意思是“放弃，投降”。]2．WhydidRubinstarttostudyhabits?A．Badhabitsmakepeopleunhappy.B．Goodhabitsmakepeoplesuccessful.C．Sheusedtosufferfromsomebadhabits.D．Hertwobooksabouthabitssoldquitewell.答案A[推理判断题。由第三段中的Rubin，whobecameinterestedinhabitsduringherresearchonhappiness及foundthatourinabilitytomasterunwantedbehaviorswasamajordowner可推断，Rubin之所以开始研究习惯，是因为她在研究快乐的时候发现坏习惯是导致人们不快乐的主要原因。]3．Whichkindofpeopletrytomeetotherpeople’sexpectationsinsteadoftheirs?A．Rebels.B．Obligers.C．Upholders.D．Questioners.答案B[细节理解题。由第五段中的Obligersworkhardtomeetotherpeople’sexpectationsbutoftenletthemselvesdown可知。]4．Thepairingstrategy________．A．canhelppeoplehaveahealthydietB．isusedtomakepeoplemoreefficientC．encouragespeopletoenjoythemselvesD．forcespeopletodosomethingnecessary答案D[推理判断题。由最后一段中的pairing—couplingtwoactivities，onethatyouneedorwanttodoandonethatyoudon’tparticularlywanttodo及所举例子可推断，这种策略强迫人们做一些自己不喜欢但很必要的事情。]BNobodylikesfeelinglonely,andisolation(孤立)isn’tonlyapsychologicalproblem.Lonelinessincreasesaperson’sriskofdeathby26percent,aneffectcomparabletothehealthrisksposedbyobesity.Sosomeresearchersareinvestigatingwhatitis,exactly,thatmakeslonelypeoplestaylonely.Onelong－heldtheoryhasbeenthatpeoplebecomesociallyisolatedbecauseoftheirpoorsocialskills—astheyspendmoretimealone,thefewskillstheydohavestarttofailfromlackofuse.Butnewresearchsuggeststhatthisisafundamentalmisunderstandingofthesociallyisolated.It’sjustthatwhenthey’reinsituationswheretheyneedthoseskillsthemost，theychoke.ProfessorMeganL．Knowlesandherteamtestedthesocialskillsof86undergraduates,showingthem24facesonacomputerscreenandaskingthemtonamethebasichumanemotioneachfacewasshowing：anger,fear,happiness,orsadness.Intheend,thelonelierstudentsdidworsethanthenon－lonelystudentsontheemotion－readingtask—butonlywhentheyweretoldtheywerebeingtestedontheirsocialskills.Whenthelonelyweretoldtheywerejusttakingageneralknowledgetest,theyperformedbetterthanthenon－lonely.Sothelonelierpeopleare,thebettertheyareataccuratelyreadingfacialexpressionsanddecodingtoneofvoice.Lonelypeoplemaybepayingcloserattentiontoemotionalcues(暗示)preciselybecauseoftheirwillingnesstobelongsomewhereandforminterpersonalconnections,whichresultsintechnicallysuperiorsocialskills.Thispresentsafairlynewwaytothinkaboutlonelypeople.It’snotthattheyneedtoimprovethebasicsofsocialskills,whichthey’velikelyalreadyshared.Instead,lonelypeoplemayneedtofocusmoreongettingoutoftheirownheads,sotheycanactuallyusetheskillsthey’vegottoformfriendshipsandbegintofindawayoutoftheirisolation.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。一项研究表明孤独的人更擅长解读人的情感。5．Accordingtothetraditionalpointofview,whydolonelypeoplestaylonely?A．Theyarehappytostayalone.B．Theyaredifficulttogetalongwith.C．Theyhavefewchancestopracticesocialskills.D．Theyarelikelytomisunderstandothers’opinion.答案C[细节理解题。由第二段中的Onelong－heldtheory...thefewskillstheydohavestarttofailfromlackofuse可知，传统观点认为，孤独的人之所以孤独是因为他们缺少与人交往的机会，导致社会技能退化。]6．Inthet