高三英语解题策略(12)《阅读理解-细节理解题》ppt课件

走向高考·英语路漫漫其修远兮吾将上下而求索人教版(课标卷地区)·高考总复习基础知识聚焦第一部分解题策略(十二)阅读理解之细节理解题第一部分高考中细节理解题通常占阅读理解题总数的一半以上。2014年新课标全国卷考区及其他各考区的高考试题中考查细节理解的题目占阅读理解题目总数的55%左右。细节理解题主要考查考生对文章细节的理解，一般对文中已提到的事物、现象或理论进行发问，通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查考生对语篇的理解能力。细节理解题的设题形式灵活多样，有可能是直接细节题，如事件的起因、过程、结果及发生的时间、地点，也有很多间接细节题，要求考生在理解文章内容的基础上，将内容系统化、条理化。命题人一般都通过对文章细节的改动考查考生准确、深入理解细节的能力。(一)“断章取义”寻依据考生要从文段中获得回答细节题的具体信息，可不必详尽阅读整篇文章，只需找出可能包含所需信息的段落，迅速划定关键词语，然后加以重点理解即可，也就是所谓的“寻读法”。考生在运用此法时，应根据文段的结构和写作顺序，有针对性地寻读，迅速锁定相关内容。[典例1](2014·天津·A卷)...TransportationTheTWUExpressisashuttle(班车)service.Theshuttletransportsstudentsbetweencampusandtheshoppingcentre,leavingfromtheMattsonCentre.Operationhoursarebetween9amand3pm,Saturdaysonly.Roundtripfareis$1.40．WhatisthefunctionofTWUExpress?A．Tocarrystudentstothelecturehalls.B．Toprovidestudentswithcampustours.C．TotakestudentstotheMattsonCentre.D．Totransportstudentstoandfromthestores.答案：D扫视一下全文结构可以看出此题答案应在Transportation部分。由此部分内容可知，TWUExpress是班车，该班车运行在学校校园和购物中心之间。故选D项。(二)同义互释定选项细节题答案选项的表述通常不是用文章的原话，而是使用与文中同义或近义的词语来表达。考生一定要回到文中找出与答题内容相关的词语和句子，在理解原文的基础上从备选项中找出与原文意思相同或相近的词、词组或短语。[典例2](2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ·D篇)...Inanefforttopreventlanguageloss,scholarsfromanumberoforganizations—UNESCOandNationalGeographicamongthem—haveformanyyearsbeendocumentingdyinglanguagesandtheculturestheyreflect....32．Manyscholarsaremakingeffortsto________.A．promotegloballanguagesB．rescuedisappearinglanguagesC．searchforlanguagecommunitiesD．setuplanguageresearchorganizations答案：B从“Inanefforttopreventlanguageloss”可知，很多学者成立了一些机构，致力于记录即将消失的语言和它们所体现的文化。preventlanguageloss与rescuedisappearinglanguages意义相近，所以选B项。(三)“本末倒置”读广告广告、字典、公告、演出信息、航班时间表以及借书卡片等一般为功能阅读，需快速寻找信息。做这类题时没有必要阅读全文，宜采用“倒序法”来处理。即先看问题，后看文章内容。这样在阅读中可以有重点地、有针对性地去读，冗余无效的信息可以略读甚至不读。[典例3](2014·北京·A篇)...◆GettingtoSeaLifeMelbourneAquariumTrainSeaLifeMelbourneAquariousisashortwalkfromeitherFlindersorSouthernCrosstrainstations.Tram(有轨电车)TheSeaLifeMelbourneAquariumtramstopislocatedonthefreeCityCircleTramroute(公交线路)andalsoroutes70and75.CityCircletramsrunevery10minutesinbothdirections.ShuttleBusTheMelbournecityTouristshuttleisafreebusservice,stoppingatkeytouristattractionsinandaroundtheCity.Runningdaily,every15minutesfrom10：00amto4：00pm....57．GettingtoSeaLifeMelbourneAquarium,visitorscantake________.A．trainsfromSouthernCrosstrainstationB．shuttlebusesaroundthetrainstationC．boatsacrosstheYarraRiverD．eithertramroute70or75答案：D做此题时应把注意范围集中在GettingtoSeaLifeMelbourneAquarium部分。根据Tram(有轨电车)下面的“TheSeaLifeMelbourneAquariumtramstopislocatedonthefreeCityCircleTramroute(公交线路)andalsoroutes70and75”可知，通过70或75号公交线路可到达该水族馆，故选D项。(四)“去伪存真”辨是非首先浏览题目所提供的四个选项。若各选项针对同一内容，则要注意找出各个选项之间的差异，再带着问题去原文中核实文章的实际内容；若各个选项陈述的内容不一致，“各自为政”，则要根据题干或选项中提供的线索回读原文，逐个找到相关句，最后确定答案。注意表达上“绝对化”的选项通常不是正确答案。[典例4](2014·福建·A篇)ItwasMother'sDaymorninglastyearandIwasdoingshoppingatourlocalsupermarketwithmyfiveyearoldson,Tenyson.Aswewereleaving,wefoundthatonlyminutesearlieranelderlywomanhadfallenoverattheentranceandhadhitherheadontheconcrete.Herhusbandwaswithher,buttherewasbloodeverywhereandthewomanwasembarrassedandclearlyinshock.Walkingtowardsthescene,Tenysonbecameveryupsetaboutwhathadhappenedtothecouple.Hesaidtome,“Mum,it'snotmuchfunfallingoverinfrontofeveryone.”Atthefrontofthesupermarket,acharity(慈善)grouphadsetupastandsellingcookedsausagesandflowerstoraisefunds.Tenysonsuggestedthatweshouldbuytheladyaflower.“Itwillmakeherfeelbetter，”hesaid.Iwasamazedthathe'dcomeupwiththissweetidea.Sowewentovertotheflowersellerandaskedherifwecouldbuyaflowerfortheladytocheerherup.”Justtakeit，“shereplied.Ican'ttakeyourmoneyforsuchawonderfulgesture.”Bynowparamedics(急救人员)hadarrived,andwereattendingtotheinjuredwoman.Aswewalkeduptoher,mysonbecameintimidatedbyallthebloodandmedicalequipment.Hesaidhewasjusttooscaredtogouptoher.InsteadIgavetheflowertothewoman'shusbandandtoldhim,“Mysonwasveryupsetforyourwifeandwantedtogiveherthisflowertomakeherfeelbetter.”Atthat,theoldmanstartedcryingandsaid,“Thankyousomuch，youhaveawonderfulson.HappyMother'sDaytoyou.”Themanthenbentdownandgavehiswifetheflower,tellingherwhoitwasfrom.Thoughbadlyhurtandshaken,theoldladylookedupatTenysonwithloveinhereyesandgavehimalittlesmile.57．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．TheelderlywomanwasknockeddownbyTenyson.B．Tenyson'sideaofbuyingaflowergainedhismother'ssupport.C．Tenyson'scarefortheelderlywomanpuzzledtheflowerseller.D．TheelderlywomanwasmovedtotearsbyTenyson'sgesture.答案：B根据第一段的“Aswewereleaving,wefoundthatonlyminutesearlieranelderlywomanhadfallenoverattheentranceandhadhitherheadontheconcrete“可排除A项；根据第三段中的“Iwasamazedthathe'dcomeupwiththissweetidea”可知，Tenyson提出的买花的主意赢得了作者的支持；根据第三段的“‘Justtakeit，’shereplied.‘Ican'ttakeyourmoneyforsuchawonderfulgesture’”可排除C项；根据倒数第二段的“theoldmanstartedcrying”以及最后一段的“theoldladylookedupatTenysonwithloveinhereyesandgavehimalittlesmile”可排除D项。