The Not So Short Introduction to LATEX 2ε Or L ATE

TheNotSoShortIntroductiontoLATEX2εOrLATEX2ein85minutesbyTobiasOetikerHubertPartl,IreneHynaandElisabethSchleglVersion3.1,14.April,1998iiCopyrightc1998TobiasOetikerandalltheContributerstoLShort.Allrightsreserved.Thisdocumentisfree;youcanredistributeitand/ormodifyitunderthetermsoftheGNUGeneralPublicLicenseaspublishedbytheFreeSoftwareFoundation;eitherversion2oftheLicense,or(atyouroption)anylaterversion.Thisdocumetnisdistributedinthehopethatitwillbeuseful,butWITHOUTANYWARRANTY;withouteventheimpliedwarrantyofMERCHANTABILITYorFITNESSFORAPARTICULARPURPOSE.SeetheGNUGeneralPublicLicenseformoredetails.YoushouldhavereceivedacopyoftheGNUGeneralPublicLicensealongwiththisprogram;ifnot,writetotheFreeSoftwareFoundation,Inc.,675MassAve,Cambridge,MA02139,USA.Thankyou!MuchofthematerialusedinthisintroductioncomesfromanAustrianintroductiontoLATEX2.09writteninGermanby:[e-mail]nstderUniversit¨atf¨[e-mail]¨urWissenschaftundForschungWienElisabethSchleglnoemailinGrazIfyouareinterestedintheGermandocumentyoucanfindaversionupdatedforLATEX2εbyJ¨orgKnappenatCTAN:/tex-archive/info/lkurzWhilepreparingthisdocumentIaskedforreviewersoncomp.text.tex.Igotalotofresponse.Thefollowingindividualshelpedwithcorrections,suggestionsandmaterialtoimprovethispaper.Theyputinabigefforttohelpmegetthisdocumentintoitspresentshape.Iwouldliketosincerelythankallofthem.Naturally,allthemistakesyou’llfindinthisbookaremine.Ifyoueverfindawordwhichisspelledcorrectly,itmusthavebeenoneofthepeoplebelowdroppingmealine.RosemaryBailey,DavidCarlisle,ChristopherChin,ChrisMcCormack,WimvanDam,DavidDureisseix,Elliot,DavidFrey,RobinFairbairns,AlexandreGuimond,CyrilGoutte,GregGamble,NeilHammond,RasmusBorupHansen,MartienHulsen,EricJacoboni,AlanJeffrey,ByronJones,DavidJones,Johannes-MariaKaltenbach,AndrzejKawalec,AlainKessi,ChristianKern,J¨orgKnappen,MaikLehradt,MartinMaechler,ClausMalten,HubertPartl,JohnRefling,MikeRessler,BrianRipley,YoungU.Ryu,ChrisRowley,CraigSchlenter,JosefTkadlec,DidierVerna,FritzZaucker,andRickZaccone.PrefaceLATEX[1]isatypesettingsystemwhichismostsuitedtoproducingscientificandmathematicaldocumentsofhightypographicalquality.Thesystemisalsosuitableforproducingallsortsofotherdocuments,fromsimpleletterstocompletebooks.LATEXusesTEX[2]asitsformattingengine.ThisshortintroductiondescribesLATEX2εandshouldbesufficientformostapplicationsofLATEX.ForacompletedescriptionoftheLATEXsystemreferto[1,3].LATEXisavailableformostcomputersfromthePCandMactolargeUNIXandVMSsystems.Onmanyuniversitycomputerclustersyouwillfind,thataLATEXinstallationisavailable,readytouse.InformationonhowtoaccessthelocalLATEXinstallationshouldbeprovidedintheLocalGuide[4].Ifyouhaveproblemsgettingstarted,askthepersonwhogaveyouthisbooklet.ThescopeofthisdocumentisnottotellyouhowtoinstallandsetupaLATEXsystem,buttoteachyouhowtowriteyourdocumentssothattheycanbeprocessedbyLATEX.ThisIntroductionissplitinto5chapters:Chapter1tellsyouaboutthebasicstructureofLATEX2εdocuments.YouwillalsolearnabitaboutthehistoryofLATEX.AfterreadingthischapteryoushouldhavearoughpictureofLATEX.Thepicturewillonlybeaframework,butitwillenableyoutointegratetheinformationprovidedintheotherchaptersintothebigpicture.Chapter2goesintothedetailsoftypesettingyourdocuments.ItexplainsmostoftheessentialLATEXcommandsandenvironments.Afterread-ingthischapteryouwillbeabletowriteyourfirstdocuments.Chapter3explainshowtotypesetformulaewithLATEX.Againalotofex-ampleshelpyoutounderstandhowtouseoneofLATEXmainstrengths.Attheendofthischapteryouwillfindtables,listingallthemathe-maticalsymbolsavailableinLATEX.Chapter4explainsindexandbibliographygeneration,inclusionofepsgraphicsandsomeotherusefulextensions.viPrefaceChapter5containssomepotentiallydangerousinformation.YouwilllearnhowtotomakealterationstothestandarddocumentlayoutproducedbyLATEX.Thisallowsyoutochangethingssothatthebeautifulout-putofLATEXbeginslookquitebad.Itisimportanttoreadthechaptersinsequentialorder.Thebookisnotthatbigafterall.Makesuretocarefullyreadtheexamples,becauseagreatpartoftheinformationiscontainedinthevariousexamplesyouwillfindallthroughoutthebook.IfyouneedtogetholdofanyLATEXrelatedmaterial,havealookinoneoftheCTANftparchives.FortheUSitisatctan.tug.org,forGermanyitisftp.dante.deandfortheUKitisftp.tex.ac.uk.Ifyouarenotinoneofthesecountries,choosethearchiveclosesttoyou.IfyouwanttorunLATEXonyourowncomputer,takealookatwhatisavailablefromCTAN:/tex-archive/systems.Ifyouhaveideasforsomethingtobeadded,removedoralteredinthisdocument,pleaseletmeknow.IamespeciallyinterestedinfeedbackfromLATEXnovicesaboutwhichbitsofthisintroareeas[e-mail]Engineering,SwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyThecurrentversionofthisdocumentwillbeavailableonCTAN:/tex-archive/info/lshortContentsThankyou!iiiPrefacev1ThingsYouNeedtoKnow11.1TheNameoftheGame.....................11.1.1TEX............................11.1.2LATEX...........................11.2Bas