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引述别人的话时,一般采用两种方式:一是引用别人的原话,把它放在引号内,称为直接引语;二是用自己的话加以转述,被转述的话不放在引号内,称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直接引语变成间接引语时,要注意以下几点:人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。1.直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that引导。例如:Shesaid,Iamveryhappytohelpyou.Shesaidthatshewasveryhappytohelpyou.2.直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句,变成间接引语时,由连词whether或if引导。例如:Heaskedme,Doyoulikeplayingfootball?Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedplayingfootball.注意:大多数情况下,if和whether可以互换,但后有ornot,或在动词不定式前,或放在介词后作连接词时,一般只用whether。例如:Sheaskedmewhetherhecoulddoitornot.Hehesitatedaboutwhethertodriveortakethetrain.3.直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的疑问词who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等引导。例如:Mysisteraskedme,Howdoyoulikethefilm?MysisteraskedmehowIlikedthefilm.4.直接引语是祈使句,变成间接引语时,把动词原形变成动词不定式,并在动词不定前加tell,ask,order等的宾语。tell/ask/ordersb(not)todosth.例如:Thecaptainordered,Bequiet.Thecaptainorderedustobequiet.注意:此种情况的否定句,在动词不定式前加not。Myteacheraskedme,Don'tlaugh.Myteacheraskedmenottolaugh.5.一些注意事项(1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等,变成间接引语时,时态不变。例如:Theytoldtheirson,Theearthgoesroundthesun.Theytoldtheirsonthattheearthgoesroundthesun.(2)直接引语变间接引语时,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如:this/that→these/those,now→then,today→thatday,yesterday→thedaybefore,lastyear→theyearbefore,ago→before,here→there等。例如:注意:如果转述时就在原来的地方,就在说话的当天,就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。Hesaid,Ihaven'tseenhertoday.Hesaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday.(3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如:HeaskedLucy,Wheredidyougo?HeaskedLucywhereshewent.
本文标题:人教版高一英语直接引语间接引语精品课件
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