10.jane-eyre-英国文学作品选读课件

Generalknowledgequiz(1)•ItisgenerallyregardedthatKeats'smostimportantandmaturepoemsareintheformof()•A.elegy•B.ode•C.epic•D.sonnet•Whoisregardedasa“worshipperofnature”?•A.JohnKeats•B.WilliamBlake•C.WilliamWordsworth•D.JaneAustenGeneralknowledgequiz(4)Generalknowledgequiz(5)•Ofthefollowingterms,whichonedoesnotbelongtothefeatureofRomanticism?•A.reverencefornature•B.scienceandrationality•C.passionandimagination•D.freedomandrevolutionTheVictorianNovelBackground•QueenVictoriareignedfrom1837until1902.HerunusuallylongreignbeganwhileRomanticismwasstillthemajorartisticmovement.MostofthegreatRomanticshaddied.•ThisageexperiencedtherapidexpansionoftheBritishEmpire,theemergenceofrevolutionaryformsoftechnologyandscience,thebirthofnewtheoriesconcerningidealsocialrelations,widespreadindustrialization.ItalsowitnessestheflourishofBritishliterature,especiallyinthefieldofnovel.VictorianNovel—CharlesDickens•ThenovelbegantoflourishjustbeforeVictoria’stime.SerializednovelsbecameperhapsthemostemblematicofallformsofVictorianliterature,withCharlesDickens(1812-1870)beingthemostsuccessfulofmanynovelists.Startingoutasajournalist,hisfirstnovelwasThePickwickPapers(1836-37),andthrougharunof13furthernovels,Dickensamused,frightenedandmovedreaderswhileraisingsocialissuesandcampaigningforchange.VictorianNovel(II)•NotablenovelistsoftheVictorianeraincludeWilliamMakepeaceThackeray(1811-1863),WilkieCollins(1824-1889),AnthonyTrollope(1815-1882),andthemajorlate-VictoriannovelistThomasHardy(1840-1928),whoseWessextragediesmadehimtheera’sgreatnovelist.VictorianNovel(III)—femalenovelists•Womennovelistsalsoflourished,withElizabethGaskell(1810-1865),MaryAnneEvans(1819-1880),whowroteunderthenameGeorgeEliotandtheBrontësistersproducingclassicwork.TheBrontësisters•TheBrontëswerea19thcenturyliteraryfamilyassociatedwithHaworthintheWestRidingofYorkshire,England.Thesisters,Charlotte(1816-1855),Emily(1818-1848),andAnne(1820-1849)arewellknownasatrioofsiblingpoetsandnovelists.•Thesistersoriginallypublishedtheirpoemsandnovelsundermasculinepseudonyms[CurrerBell,EllisBellandActonBell],followingthecustomofthetimespracticedbyfemalewriters.RepresentativeWritingsofthesisters•CharlotteBronte:JaneEyre(1847),Shirley(1849),Villette(1853)•EmilyBronte:TheWutheringHeights•AnneBronte:AgnesGrey,TheTenantofWildfellHallPresentationCharlotteandherJaneEyre•Atayoungage,thesisterscreatedafictionalworldtheynamed“Angria”,andtheirearlystories,poems,andplayswerethepredictorsoftheirsharedwritingtalent.•Charlotte'sfirstnovelTheProfessorneverfoundawillingpublisherduringherlifetime.HersecondnovelJaneEyreprovedtobeagreatsuccess.•JaneEyreisdividedinto38chaptersandmosteditionsareatleast400pageslong.Theoriginalpublicationwasinthreevolumes,comprisingchapters1to15,16to26,and27to38.Aquiz•ThenovelJaneEyrecannotberegardedas?•A.agothicnovel•B.aromancenovel•C.abildungsroman•D.asciencefictionItgenerallydescribessupernaturalexperiences,remotelandscapes,mysteriousorhorrificoccurrences,inordertocreateanatmosphereofsuspenseandfear.E.g.:Jane’sencounterswithghosts,darksecrets.TheCastleofOranto(Walpole);FrankensteinItemphasizesloveandpassion,representsthenotionofloversdestinedforeachotheratypeofnovelconcernedwiththeeducation,development,andmaturingofayoungprotagonist.TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundlingDavidCopperfield,TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnJaneEyre:afirst-personnarrative•Thenovelgoesthroughfivedistinctstages:•(1)ChildhoodatGateshead•(2)EducationatLowoodSchool•(3)GovernessofThornfield•(4)timewiththeRiversfamily•(5)reunionwithRochester.Stage1:Gateshead•Jane'schildhoodatGateshead,wheresheisemotionallyandphysicallyabusedbyherauntSarahReedandcousins(JohnReedwhoruinshimselfasanadultbydrinkingandgamblingandcommitssuicide).Stage2:Lowood•Jane’seducationatLowoodSchool,wheresheacquiresfriendsandrolemodelsbutalsosuffersprivationsandoppression;•Mr.Brocklehurst:thehypercriticalheadmasterwhosemaltreatmentofthestudentsiseventuallyexposed.•HelenBurns:Jane’sbestfriendwhodiesofconsumptionsinLowood.Stage3:Thornfield•Jane’stimeasthegovernessofThornfieldHall,whereshefallsinlovewithherByronicemployer,EdwardRochester.•BerthaMason:theinsanefirstwifeofRochester,sheislockedintheatticandeventuallycommitssuicidebyburningdownThornfieldHall.•AdèleVarens:Jane’sstudentsandthedaughterofRochester’sformermistressStage4:theRivers•Jane’stimewiththeRiversfamily,duringwhichherearnestbutcoldclergymancousin,StJohnRivers,proposestoher;•StJohn:Jane’scousin,apracticalandrestrainedclergyman.•DianaandMaryRivers:St.John’ssisterswhoarepoorbutintelligentandkind-hearted.Stage5:theburnt-outThornfield•thefinalewithherreunionwith,andmarriageto,herbelovedRochester.Charlotte'sRecognizableautobiographicalelementsinJaneEyre•ThedeathofJane’sfriendHelenatLowoodschool,recallsthedeathofCharlotte’ssistersatCowanBridge,whoalsodiedfromtuberculosis.•TheheadmasterofLowoodisbasedinpartontheheadofCowanBridge.•Jane’scousinJohnReed’sdeclineintoalcoholismanddissolutionismostlikelymodeleduponthelifeofCharlotteBrontë’sbrotherBranwell,whoslidintoopiumandalcoholaddictionsintheyearspre