完形填空解题技巧学案

1完形填空解题技巧“透析”完形填空是一种集知识和能力考查为一体的综合性试题，它既考查学生的语言知识，又考查学生的阅读能力和逻辑思维能力。好的完形填空语义连贯、层次分明、结构严谨，给人一种“浑然一体”的感觉，因此它是学生普遍感到很难的一类题型。但是再巧妙的题目都有“懈”可击，有“章”可循，有“法”可依。【技巧一】利用逻辑关系语，定位相关选项逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义的连句手段，主要有：（1）词（包括连词、副词和少数介词），如and,but,or,because,though,however,yet,therefore,otherwise,despite等；（2）短语，如inotherwords,orrather,inaddition,asaresult,sothat,onthecontrary,insteadof等；（3）分句和独立结构，如thatistosay,whatismore,allthingsconsidered等。逻辑关系语对准确理解语篇意义能够起到很强的提示作用。完形填空中很多题目都围绕它们而设。考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑关系语，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项，如其同义词、近义词或反义词等，有时这些词、短语甚至复现在文中。【例1】Thegirlbecameincreasinglyworriedaboutthis,bothwhen__46__andinherdreams.46.A.asleepB.awayC.aroundD.awake【例2】Beforeleaving,Ihadturnedtheheater__48__intheroadhouse,sothatwhenwewentin,itwasniceand__49__.48.A.onB.offC.inD.over49.A.neatB.hotC.warmD.attractive【技巧小试】①...thosechallengesaretheverythingsthat__37__usandmakeuswhoweare...37.A.designB.promoteC.directD.shape②It’salittlefunnyseeingfriendsincleanshoesandtrousersorcolorful__36__,insteadoftheusualschooluniform.36.A.shapesB.dressesC.flowersD.pictures③“Youneed__36__,”hisfathersaid.“Butifyoudon’tworkhard,nofortunewillcome.”36.A.exerciseB.fortuneC.knowledgeD.wealth【技巧二】通晓上下文意，注意习惯搭配词汇的习惯用法或固定搭配，特别是动词、名词、形容词、介词等的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例很大。如果考生在备考时对常用的习惯用法或固定搭配能牢固地掌握，并在解题时灵活运用，就能达到事半功倍的效果。【例3】Ayoungman,wetfrom__42__totoe,explainedthathehad__43__outofpetrolabout30kmuptheroad.42.A.fingerB.ShoulderC.headD.hand43.A.drivenB.usedC.comeD.run【例4】Javabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatestevent:“theNightoftheFullMoon”,afestival（节日）thatisespeciallypopular__44__youngpeople.244.A.forB.toC.withD.in【技巧小试】①Hetriedto__31__atelephonecall,butwasunableto__32__.31.A.makeB.fixC.useD.pick32.A.getonB.getupC.getthroughD.getin②Hegotgoodgradesintheschool,especially__43__biologyandchemistry,whichwasagreatcomfort.43.A.inB.aboutC.ofD.for【技巧三】明确文章语境，搞清词语差异完形填空选项的设置一般均属于同一词类，有的甚至在意义上也非常接近。为了顺利解答此类问题，考生在平时记忆单词时，要在例句中把握其用法并能在考试中结合语境，比较四个选项的细微差别，推敲什么是最佳答案。【例5】Ifeltthe__48__ofalifetimehadcome.48.A.momentB.periodC.whileD.date【例6】...theladydidn’ttakeabite.Shesatthere__34__herhusbandeat,andtakingturns(轮流)sippingthedrink.34.A.seeingB.noticingC.watchingD.finding【技巧小试】①Thedoorshadbeenshut.They__30__beopenedfromtheinside.Hewastrapped（被困）inalibrary.30.A.wouldn’tB.shouldn’tC.couldn’tD.needn’t②Iwassonervousthatmyhandsshook,andI__47__acupintopieces.47.A.damagedB.destroyedC.brokeD.ruined【技巧四】探究前后逻辑，确定连接词汇连接词是构成语篇的纽带，也是相关语句信息的结合点。命题人常在这些“关节”上设置题目，考查学生的语用能力。因此，考生在解题时，要仔细分析，推理前后的逻辑关系，确定最佳选项。【例7】Shehadexcellentgrades,__24__shealwaysthoughtthatsomethingwasmissing.24.A.orB.soC.forD.but【例8】...“Wouldyoumindtellingmewhenyouarethinkingofleaving?__40__areyougoingtositinyourcarallday?”40.A.ForB.OrC.ButD.So【技巧小试】①Mybodyhadlongsinceusedupallitsenergy__50__itwentonrunningjustthesame.50.A.soB.butC.orD.as②ItoldherIwouldmessitup__37__Ihadneverworkedatthebarbefore.37.A.becauseB.thoughC.untilD.while【技巧五】利用语法关联，推理最佳选项一个语义连贯的语篇必须通过省略、指代、时间或地点关联等语法关系来实现。因此，命题人常利用这些关联“制造语境”，设置考点。考生解题时可利用这些语法关系对句子进行分析、判断并推理出最佳选项。3【例9】Iwastoobusy__55__therestaurantIwouldopenoneday.A.imaginingB.preparingC.examiningD.describing【例10】Thatday,he(LangLang)toldhisfather__45__hehadbeenwaitingtohear—thathewantedtostudywithanewteacher.45.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when【技巧小试】①...hewouldsay,“Ifyouwantthem,makethemoneyandbuythem__39__.”39.A.themselvesB.ourselvesC.yourselfD.myself②Indealingwithmanychallengesthatfriendshipwillbringtoyou,trytoseethemfor50theyare:smallhurdlesyouneedtojump....50.A.whatB.whoC.whereD.which【技巧六】联系生活常识，再现相关情景完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文或叙议结合、富有哲理的论说文，这些语篇都非常贴近学生生活。考生在解题时，可以根据生活常识或结合常识充分地想像当时的情景，从而达到去“伪”存“真”的目的。【例11】...thegirlwasabletoleadherbirdstorunacrossthegrass,butshecouldnotteachthemto__45__.45.A.flyB.raceC.swimD.sing【例12】Everywhere,therewerethepaperremainsofusedfireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys__39__moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited__40__fortheexplosions.39.A.litB.boughtC.piledD.removed40.A.patientlyB.calmlyC.worriedlyD.excitedly【技巧小试】①Well,lessthanaweekaftermyarrivalinManila,Iwasalreadycarpetedwitha__43__ofmosquitobites.Itookmanymeasurestokeepmyselffrombeing__44__,buttheyallproveduseless.43.A.shadeB.pileC.cloudD.blanket44.A.touchedB.bittenC.defeatedD.discovered②Bymidnight,thefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe__55__cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenight,thesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance.55.A.cleanB.grayC.peacefulD.empty【技巧七】突破句子的束缚，捕捉篇章信息每篇完形填空都围绕一个主题展开，其结构严谨，上下文互为映衬，前后照应，所以解题时考生不要只局限在句子层面上，而要从段落或整篇文章入手，整体把握文章的内容，结合上下文，寻找答案的线索。【例13】Intheclinic,IaskedifMichaelcouldberetested,sothespecialisttestedhimagain.Tomy__36__,itwasthesamescore.Laterthatevening,I__37__toldFrankwhatIhadlearnedthatday.Aftertalking4itover,weagreedthatweknewour__38__muchbetterthananIQ(智商)test....Aftertheceremony,wetoldMichaelaboutthe__47__IQscorehegotwhenhewassix.Sincethatday,Michaelsometimeswouldlookatusandsayjokingly,“MydearmomanddadnevertoldmethatIcouldn’tbeadoctor,notuntilafterIgraduatedfrommedicalschool!”...Wewenttothesameclinicwherehehadreceivethetesteighteenyearsbefore.ThistimeMichaelscored126,anincreaseof36points.36.A.joyB.surpriseC.disl