毕业设计-心电检测仪

长春工业大学学士论文I摘要本课题主要设计一个基于Atmega16的家用心电监测仪的研究设计。根据人体心电信号的特征，设计心电信号采集系统，完成实时心电监测的功能。本系统通过硬件电路实现了对心电信号实时的采集和处理，并将模拟的心电信号转换成数字信号送入主控单元，从而实现了心电信息的实时显示、存储、打印、报警等功能。本设计选用具有低功耗的16位单片机Atmega16作为中央处理系统，通过心电传感器，从人体连续取得心电信号，经过专门的信号处理电路进行处理后送入中央处理系统，中央处理系统通过分析、处理，检测出病人的心电信号，并与正常的心电信号比较，对采集的心电信号进行实时分析、检测及记录，并选取大容量Flash存储器对采集处理后的心电信号进行存储。同时，监测仪带有液晶显示器，能实时显示所检测的心电信号。当病人出现紧急的心电症状时，其特有的报警功能可以及时的发出报警，便于及时的对病人进行救治。该系统还可以打印出心电波形供医务人员分析病情时参考，及时准确的采取治疗措施，制定治疗方案。该监测仪能长期、连续、可靠、稳定的工作，同时还具有体积小、存储容量大、功耗低、实时显示等特点，便于随身携带，使用方便，操作简单。关键词心电监测心电监测仪心电传感器信号处理电路长春工业大学学士论文IITitle:ThedesignofhouseholdECGmonitorAbstractThetopicsmainlybasedAtmega16householdECGmonitorresearchanddesign.AccordingtothecharacteristicsofthehumanECG,designECGacquisitionsystem,inreal-timeECGmonitoringfunction.Thissystemhasrealizedthroughthehardwarecircuittoheartsignalreal-timegatheringandprocessing,andwillsimulatetheheartsignaltransformsthedigitalsignaltosendinthemastercontrolunit,thushasrealizedthefunctionofheartinformation'srealtimedisplay,memory,printing,alarming,etc.Thisdesignusesalow-power16-bitmicrocontrollerAtmega16asthecentralprocessingsystem,throughECGsensor,fromthehumanbodytoobtainacontinuousECGsignal,byadedicatedsignalprocessingcircuitafterbeingfedintothecentralprocessingsystem,thecentralsystemanalysis,processingtodetectthepatient'sECGsignal,bycomparisonwithanormalECG,toachievereal-timedetection,analysis,selectedrecords,selectahigh-capacityFlashmemorytostoretheacquisitionoftheECG.Atthesametime,themonitorswithaLCDmonitor,beabletoreal-timedisplayECGsignal.WhenapatienthaveaemergencyECGsymptoms,itsuniquealarmfunctioncantriggeratimelywarningandtreatmentofpatientstimely.ThesystemcanalsoprintoutECGwaveformtoprovidereferenceformedicalpersonnel,andtimelyandaccurateimplementationoftherapeuticmeasurestoestablishtreatmentprograms.Notonlythat,thekeyofsystemdesignmakeoperationsimpleandfaster.Themonitorcanlong-term,continuous,reliable,stablejob,andhasasmallsize,largestoragecapacity,lowpowerconsumption,real-timedisplayandotherfeatures,easytocarry,easytouse,easytooperate.KeywordsECGmonitoringECGmonitorECGsensorSignalprocessingcircuit长春工业大学学士论文III目录摘要.....................................................................................................................................IAbstract.....................................................................................................................................II第一章绪论.............................................................................................................................11.1本课题提出的意义和目的......................................................................................11.1.1本课题提出的意义......................................................................................11.1.2本课题提出的目的........................................................................................21.2心电监测仪的国内外发展现状..............................................................................31.3人体心电信号的特点...............................................................................................51.4本课题的设计要求及研究内容..............................................................................51.4.1本课题的设计要求.......................................................................................51.4.2本课题的研究内容.......................................................................................6第二章整体方案设计............................................................................................................72.1系统整体方案的确定................................................................................................72.2各模块方案的确定....................................................................................................7第三章硬件电路的设计.....................................................................................................103.1中央处理系统的设计.............................................................................................103.2信号采集电路的设计.............................................................................................123.2.1心电传感器的设计.....................................................................................123.2.2右腿驱动电路的设计.................................................................................133.3前置放大电路的设计.............................................................................................143.3.1前置放大电路的要求.................................................................................143.3.2前置放大器的设计.....................................................................................153.4高通滤波电路的设计.............................................................................................173.5低通滤波电路的设计.............................................................................................183.650Hz陷波电路的设计...........................................................................................193.7后置放大电路的设计.............................................................................................213.8A/D转换电路的设计...................................................................