您好,欢迎访问三七文档
1第8讲12.3模拟信号的运算电路第12章集成运算放大器12.4有源滤波器212.3模拟信号的放大和运算电路(1)反相比例运算放大器_++RFR1RPuiuoi1iFib-ib+虚地点i1=iF+ib-=iF,ib-=0ib+=0u+=0u-=u+=0平衡电阻(使输入端对地的静态电阻相等):RP=R1//RF2o1iRuRuF电压放大倍数:1210uRRuuAiF3_++RFR1RPuiuoi1i2ib-ib+例题1.R1=10k,RF=20k,ui=-1V。求:uo,RP应为多大?Au=-(RF/R1)=-20/10=-2uo=Auui=(-2)(-1)=2VRP=R1//RF=10//20=6.7k4反相比例运算放大器输入电阻及反馈方式:ri=R1输入电阻(小):uo_++RFR1RPuii1iFib-ib+反馈电阻反馈方式:电压并联负反馈i1=iF+ib-ib-=i1-iF5(2)同相比例运算放大器u-=u+=uiib+=0ib-=0_++RFRfRPuiuoiFifAu=1+RFRfiF=ifRP=Rf//RF1i2ioRuRuuFfi12ou)RR1(uFf)6_++RFRfRPuiuoiFif例题2.Rf=10k,RF=20k,ui=-1V。求:uo,RP应为多大?uo=Auui=(3)(-1)=-3VRP=Rf//RF=10//20=6.7kAu=1+=1+20/10=3RFRf7电压串联负反馈同相比例运算放大器输入电阻及反馈方式:_++RFRfRPuiuo输入电阻(高)反馈方式?输入电压:u+-u-=ui-uoRfRf+RF8_++RFRfRPuiuoAu=1+RFRf当RF=0时,Au=1uo=ui(3)电压跟随器此电路是电压并联负反馈,输入电阻大,输出电阻小,在电路中作用与分离元件的射极输出器相同,但是电压跟随性能好。9(4)差动放大器_++R2R1R1ui2uoR2ui1)uu(RRu1i2i12oib+=0ib-=0ui2R2R1+R2u+=u-=u+u-=uoR1+ui1R2R1+R2uoR1+ui1R2R1+R2ui2R2R1+R2=10以上电路的比较归纳:1.它们都引入电压负反馈,因此输出电阻都比较小。2.关于输入电阻反相输入的输入电阻小,同相输入的输入电阻高。3.以上放大器均可级联,级联时放大倍数分别独立计算。11例题3.R1=10k,R2=20k,ui1=-1V,ui2=1V。求:uouo_++R2R1R1R2ui1_++ui2_++R2R1RPuo=(uo2-uo1)=(20/10)[3-(-1)]=8VR2R1uo1=ui1=-1Vuo2=ui2(1+R2/R1)=3V12例题3.若ui1=sintV,ui2=1V,求:uouo1=ui1=sintVuo2=ui2(1+R2/R1)=3Vuo=(uo2-uo1)=(20/10)(3-sint)=6-2sintVR2R113(5)反相求和运算:_++RFR1R2ui2uoRPui1i1i2iF虚地uo=-(ui1R1RF+ui2R2RF)若R1=R2=R,uo=-(ui1RRF+ui2)取RP=R1//R2//RFuo_++RFR1RPui0uuib+=0ib-=0,i1+i2=iFui1R1=ui2R2+-uoRF14(6)同相求和运算:Au=RFRf1+uo=Auu+=()(+)RFRf1+R2R1+R2ui1R1R1+R2ui2取R1//R2=RF//Rf当R1=R2时,uo=()(ui1+ui2)RFRf1+12RfRF++ui1uoR1R2ui2-u+_++RFRfRPuiuo15(7)微分运算:u-=u+=0RuioFdtduCii1F1iidtduRCuioui-++uoRR2i1iFCib-=016)90tsin(RCtcosRCuotui0tuo0tsinui例:,求uo。dtduRCuioui-++uoRR2i1iFC90°17(8)反相积分运算Ruii1dtduCioFdtuRC1uioF1iii1iFui-++RRPCuoucuc=-uoib+=0ib-=0,iF=Cducdt-CduodtuiR=u-=u+=018反相积分器:如果ui=直流电压U,输出将反相积分,经过一定的时间后输出饱和。t0oUdtRC1utui0UMomUTRC1UURCUTomMtuo0-UomTM积分时限dtuRC1uio=–tURC设Uom=15V,U=+3V,R=10k,C=1F=0.05秒19dtuRC1uio反相积分器:如果ui=-U=-3V,画出uo的波形图。tui0tuo0+Uom-Ut0o(-U)dtRC1u=tURC0.05秒设Uom=15V,U=3V,R=10k,C=1F20应用举例:输入方波,输出是三角波。tui0tuo0三角波发生器将在第六章中讲21(9)三运放电路++A1-+A2RRRWui1ui2uo1uo2ab+R1R1-+A3R2R2uo+22WbaW2o1oRuuRR2uuW2i1iRuu1o2ouu)uu(RRR21i2iWW++A1_+A2RRRWui1ui2uo1uo2ab+三运放电路(续)ib1-ib2-ib+=0ib-=0,u-=u+1iauu2ibuu,R、RW、R三个电阻可视为串联231o2ouu)uu(RRR21i2iWW三运放电路(续)uoR1R1++A3R2R2uo1uo2++A1_+A2RRRWui1ui2uo1uo2ab+)uu(RRu1o2o12o)uu(RRR2RR1i2iWW12uo=24三运放电路是差动放大器,放大倍数可调。由于输入均在同相端,此电路的输入电阻高。三运放电路的特点25例1:由三运放放大器组成的温度测量电路uoR1R1++A3R2R2++A1_+A2RRRW+U=+5VRRRRtuiui=Rt-R2(Rt+R)URt热敏电阻)uu(RRR2RR1i2iWW12uo=ui=)uu(RRR2RR1i2iWW12Rt-R2(Rt+R)URt=f(T°C)集成化:仪表放大器26例2.求电压放大倍数Au=uo/ui。ib+=0ib-=0,u-=u+=0_++RFR1RPuiuoi1iFib-ib+R2R3i2i3uFi1=iF=i2+i3uiR1-uFRF==-uFRFuF-uoR2uFR3+uo=-uiR1RF+R2+RFR2R3R1RF+R2+RFR2R3Au=–RP=R1//(RF+R2//R3)27例3.A/D变换器要求其输入电压的幅度为0~+5V,现有信号变化范围为-5V~+5V。试设计一电平抬高电路,将其变化范围变为0~+5V。+5V-5V+5V+2.5V电平抬高电路A/D计算机uiuouo=(ui/2)+2.5V28例3(续)uo=(ui/2)+2.5V=(ui+5)/2_++10k20k+5V5kui20kuo1uo_++20k20k10kuo1=-(10/20)(ui+5)=-(ui+5)/2uo=-(20/20)uo1=-uo1=(ui+5)/229运算电路要求1.熟记前8种基本运算电路的电路图及放大倍数公式。2.以上基本运算电路级联后输出的计算。3.会用ib-=0,ib+=0,u+=u-分析给定运算电路的放大倍数。3012.4有源滤波器滤波电路的种类:按信号性质:模拟滤波器和数字滤波器按电路功能:低通滤波器高通滤波器带通滤波器带阻滤波器按所用元件:无源滤波器和有源滤波器12.4.1概述按阶数:一阶,二阶…高阶31)j(Ui)j(Uo传递函数:ioioioUU)j(U)j(U)j(TioUU)j(T幅频特性io)(相频特性filter传递函数、幅频特性32滤波器分类(按频率特性进行分类):ioUUioUUioUUioUU低通高通带通带阻33RCR一阶RC低通滤波器(无源)iUoURC10j1Rj1UUioRCj110j11CC0j11)j(T传递函数20)(11)j(T幅频特性3420)(11)j(TioUU010.7070截止频率此电路的缺点:1、带负载能力差。2、无放大作用。3、特性不理想,边沿不陡。幅频特性、幅频特性曲线iUoURCR35通频带宽度(带宽)ioUU010.7070截止频率带宽:0-0设R=10k,C为下列各值时的带宽:Cfo1F16Hz0.047F340Hz0.01F1600HzRC103612.4.2有源滤波器oF11URRRUUURR1RFC+-+iUoU1.一阶有源低通滤波器Cj11)RR1(UU1Fio传递函数RCiUCj1RCj1UiUCj11RC传递函数中出现的一次项,故称为一阶滤波器37幅频特性:201Fio)(11)RR1(UU)RC1(0相频特性:0argRR1RFC+-+iUoU幅频特性及幅频特性曲线ioUU01+RF/R10.707(1+RF/R1)0Cj11)RR1(UU1Fio传递函数RC381、0时:)RR1(UU1Fio有放大作用3、运放输出,带负载能力强。2、0时:21)RR1(UU1Fio幅频特性与一阶无源低通滤波器类似电路特点:392.一阶有源高通滤波器oF11URRRUUUiUCj1RCj1UiUCj11R–1RCRR1RFC+-+iUoU低通RR1RFC+-+iUoU高通Cj11)RR1(UU1Fio传递函数–1RC40幅频特性及幅频特性曲线Cj11)RR1(UU1Fio传递函数1RC–幅频特性:201Fio)(11)RR1(UU0ioUU01+RF/R10.707(1+RF/R1)0RR1RFC+-+iUoU413.二阶有源低通滤波器UAUFoCj1UURUURUUoPPPiPPURCj11UCj1RCj1Uo2oFio2j)(1AUURR1RFC+-+iUoUCRP,AF=1+RF/R1传递函数中出现的二次项,故称为二阶滤波器RC1)A3(21oF,42ioUU02121o3dB21幅频特性曲线43R1=时:AF=1o2oFio2j)(1AUU2oio)(11UUo时:21UUioRC+-+iUoUCR44o一阶低通和二阶低通幅频特性曲线的区别ioUU0-3dbAF理想低通一阶低通二阶低通阶数越高,幅频特性曲线越接近理想滤波器
本文标题:运算放大器
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-6315395 .html