您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 初中英语中的“主谓一致”
初中英语中的“主谓一致”Thisis…Itwasbuiltin…Therearetwofloors…Thefoodthereis…Thegoodsthereare…Mostpeoplelike…英语中主语和谓语保持一致叫主谓一致,即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式变化而变化。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择和时态填空等。突破这类题目的方法是①熟练掌握主谓一致的原则②做题时仔细比较,分析,以提高做题的精确度。一、最基本的主谓一致规则最基本的“主谓一致”规则是:“单则单,复则复”,即主语为单数时,谓语动词也用相应的单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词也用相应的复数形式。但要注意:当表示时间、长度、距离、金钱、度量等词组作主语时,常将其看作是一个整体,谓语动词要用单数形式。另外,加减乘除也常当作整体对待,谓语动词也用单数形式。e.g.Iamateacher.Theygotothemoviesonceaweek.e.g.Fourplussixisten.e.g.Tendollarsisenough.二、集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的使用family,class,team等集体名词作主语时,若指一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;但若指其成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。e.g.Thefamilyisverybig.TheirfamilyarewatchingTVnow.三、politics,physics,works,theUnitedStates,news,maths等词作主语时,谓语动词的使用这类词语貌似复数,意义上却是单数的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。但要注意有些名词,如:people(人;人们),police等形式为单数,意义是复数,谓语动词要用复数形式。e.g.Thenewsisveryexciting.Physicsisabitdifficultforme.e.g.Peoplethereareveryfriendly.四、两个主语用and连接时,谓语动词的使用and连接两个名词(或代词)作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。但要注意:and连接的两个名词只表示一个概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式。e.g.MaryandHelenaregoodfriends.e.g.Asingeranddanceriscoming.一个歌手兼舞蹈家就要来了。五、manya+单数名词(许多……);morethanone+单数名词(不止一……);eachAandeachB;everyAandeveryB等结构作主语时谓语动词用单数e.g.Everyhourandeveryminuteisimportant.Morethanonepersonhereisgoingtofindanewjob.六、不定代词作主语时,谓语动词的使用1.something,everything,anything,nothing,everybody,anybody,nobody,everyone,anyone等不定代词,以及either(eitherof),neither(neitherof),each(eachof),eachone,noone等代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。e.g.Neitheroftheanswersisright.Somethingiswrongwithmycomputer.2.both,few,afew,many,several,other等它们所修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。e.g.Afewpeopleliveto100,butfewpeopleliveto150.Manyofthemhavecomputers.七、单数名词作主语,尽管后面有with,aswellas,like,except,but等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式e.g.1.Theteacherwithhisstudentshasgonetothelibrary.2.Isthewomanlikeyourmother?3.Nooneexcepttheteachersknowstheanswer.八、动词不定式(或动词不定式短语),V-ing形式以及名词性从句作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。1.Toeatinafastfoodrestaurantischeapandsavestime.2.Climbinghillsisgoodexercise.九、在定语从句中,关系代词who,which,that作主语时,其谓语动词的数应也先行词保持一致。Thosewhowanttogoshouldmeethere.Tomlikesmusicthathasgreatlyrics.十.Therebe结构的就近原则Therebe句型中的be动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。e.g.Thereisateacher,adesk,somedesksandsomechairsintheclassroom.十一、并列结构或连词(neither...nor...,either...or...,not...but...,notonly...butalso...)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致,即就近原则。both…and…表示“……和……都”,谓语动词一般用复数形式。e.g.NeitherhenorIknowanythingaboutit.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteachervisitedthemuseum.e.g.Bothhisfatherandmotheraredoctors.Therebe_A_and_B_Either_A_or_B_Neither_A_nor_B_Notonly_A_butalso_B_动词Thinkingmakesyouclever就近原则主谓一致正误辨析同学们在主谓一致问题上经常会犯判断失误的错误,现将有关主谓一致现象的难点归纳如下:一、主语为单数集体名词,谓语动词用复数的情况[例1]警察正在城里搜捕一名小偷。[误]Thepoliceissearchingthecityforathief.[正]Thepolicearesearchingthecityforathief.[析]police,people,cattle(牛)等词虽然形式上是单数,但意义上却为复数,谓语动词需用复数形式。[例2]在我国老人受到很好的照顾。[误]Theoldistakengoodcareofinourcountry.[正]Theoldaretakengoodcareofinourcountry.[析]某些形容词前加上定冠词the,如theold,theyoung,thedead,therich,thesick等,用以表示一类人时,其意义为复数,谓语动词用复数形式。二、主语为复数形式,谓语动词用单数的情况[例1]《纽约时报》是流行于美国各地的报纸。[误]TheNewYorkTimesarereadallovertheUnitedStates.[正]TheNewYorkTimesisreadallovertheUnitedStates.[析]当表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报纸、杂志及组织机构等的专有名词作主语时,通常把它们作为整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式。[例2]这条裤子是他哥哥的。[误]Thispairoftrousersarehisbrother's.[正]Thispairoftrousersishisbrother's.[析]一些由两个相同部分组成一体的复数名词,如trousers,glasses,shoes等,作主语时,若前面有“一条”、“一副”、“一把”之类的量词,则谓语动词用单数,不带量词时,则谓语动词用复数形式。三、主语为单数形式,谓语动词有时用单数,有时用复数的情况[例1]他家里人正等着他。[误]Hisfamilyiswaitingforhim.[正]Hisfamilyarewaitingforhim.[析]有些集体名词,如family,class,group,team,nation,couple等,作主语时,若作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如果就其中一个个成员考虑,谓语动词则用复数形式。[例2]我们需要许多食物。[误]Lotsoffoodareneededbyus.[正]Lotsoffoodisneededbyus.[析]alotof/lotsof/plentyof+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数依据名词的数而定。四、并列主语与谓语动词数的一致的情况[例1]那位教师兼作家来参加会议了。[误]Theteacherandwriterhavecometothemeeting.[正]Theteacherandwriterhascometothemeeting.[析]由and连接的两个(或两个以上)单数主语,指同一人,同一物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。[例2]每个男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。[误]Everyboyandeverygirlhavetherighttoeducation.[正]Everyboyandeverygirlhastherighttoeducation.[析]由and连接两个单数主语,若前面有every,each等限定时,谓语动词用单数形式。五、几种特殊结构的主谓语一致[例1]和这些孩子们交谈是一件愉快的事。[误]Totallkwiththechildrenareagreatpleasure.[正]Totalkwiththechildrenisagreatpleasure.[析]该句是不定式作主语,表示单一概念,谓语动词用单数形式。[例2]一切都准备好了,是吗?[误]Everythingareready,aren'tthey?[正]Everythingisready,isn'tit?[析]everything,something,nothing等作主语时,陈述句部分谓语动词用单数形式,附加疑问句中谓语动词和相应代词都只可用单数形式。不定代词everybody,someone,anyone,nobody等作主语时,陈述句部分谓语动词一般用单数形式。但是,在附加疑问句中谓语动词与相应代词多用复数形式。Everyoneishavingfun,aren’tthey?1.Behindthehouse_______(be)sometrees.2.Everystudentandeveryteacher_______(come)toschoolontimeinthemorning.3.Nomanandnowoman______(like)theseshoes.4.Heorshe______(have)gonethere.5.Whathesaid________(sound)reasonable.6.“I”____(be)theninthletter.Canyouworkthemout?arecomeslikeshassoundsisTruegoldfearsnotthefire.找出各句中的错误1.Anumberofstudentshasseenthefilm.2.Thiskindofapplestasteverygood.3.Notonlymyclassroombutalsomyteacherarefondofsports.4.TheGreenshasreturnedtoEngland.5.Thosewhoonlythinksofthemselvescanneverbehappy.6.Wheneachpersoncomein,theymustshowtheirtickets.havetastesishavethinkcomesThinkcarefully巩固练习1.Awomanwithababy______cominghere.A.isB.are2.Thegirlaswell
本文标题:初中英语中的“主谓一致”
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-6315558 .html