初中英语之动词

模块四：动词一、动词分类：（一）按词义和句中的作用：类别特点意义举例实义动词(vt.vi.)及物动词跟宾语须跟宾语一起才能表达完整的意思Ihaveabook..不及物动词不能直接接宾语能独立作谓语Shealwayscomeslate.系动词(link-v)跟表语不能独立做谓语，跟表语构成完整意思Iamastudent.助动词(aux.v.)跟动词原形或分词（无词汇意义）不能独立做谓语，跟主要动词构成谓语，表示疑问，否定及各种时态Hedoesn’tspeakChinese.IamwatchingTV.情态动词(mod.v.)跟动词原形（有自己的词汇意思）不能独立做谓语。表示说话人语气、情态，无人称和数的变化Wecandoitbyourselves.Thatwouldbebetter.（二）短语动词构成方式举例动词+介词Lookat,lookafter动词+副词Giveup,sitdown动词+副词+介词Catchupwith,lookdownupon动词+名词+介词Takecareof,payattentiontoBe+形容词+介词Beproudof,beafraidof复杂结构Makeupone’smind,windone’sway（三）按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词1、谓语动词形式意义举例人称与主语在人称一致Iamreadingnow.第一人称数与主语在数上一致Hewriteswell.第三人称单数时态表示动作发生的时间Hewrotealettertomelastmonth.过去时态语态主语是动作的发生者或者承受者WestudyEnglish.主动Theroadwasfilledwithrubbish.被动2、非谓语动词形式意义用途举例不定式起形容词和名词作用可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语Ittakesme20minutestogotoschool.动名词起名词作用作主语和宾语Shelikesreading.分词现在分词起形容词、副词作用，表主动作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语ThecupisbrokenIheardhimcrying.二、系动词：（一）Be动词：be是一个多功能动词，在初级英语里可见四种用法：1、系动词be：be为连系动词，中心词义是是，句型为主＋系＋表结构。其变化形式主要如下：1）现在式：am,is,are2）过去式：was,were3）助动词/情态动词＋原形：will/can/may/mustbe4）助动词＋过去分词：have/has/hadbeen。Tohelpanimalsishelpingpeople.(一般现在时)Thetwinswereverybusyyesterday.(一般过去时)Itwillbesunnytomorrow.(一般将来时)Shehasbeenillforoveraweek.(现在完成时)2、助动词be：助动词be，无词义，辅助主要动词一起在句中作谓语动词。其用法如下：1）构成进行时态：be+doing。有现在和过去两种进行时态。如：Thegirlsisreadingandcopyingthenewwordsnow.YoungTomwasalwaysaskingquestionsandtryingoutnewideas.2）构成被动语态：be+done。(主语是动作的承受者，done必须是及物动词)。如：Teaisgrowninmyhometown.(一般现在时的被动语态)Thisbuildingwasbuiltthreeyearsago.(一般过去时的被动语态)Ourclassroomhasbeencleanedandtidiedalready.(现在完成时的被动语态)Howcouldthiskindofcakesbemadeinyourhome?(含情态动词的被动语态)Thatisadaynevertobeforgotten.(动词不定式的被动语态)3）构成将来时：A.be+goingtodo表示打算或将要做某事，be有现在和过去两种形式：Wearegoingtoplanttreesinthepark.Ididn’tknowifshewasgoingtocomehere.B.be+todo，表示按计划安排将要做某事。如：ThenewshopisnottobeopenedtillnextMonday.OnenightanangelcametoMaryandtoldherthatshewastohavethisspecialboy.3、therebe句型：therebe句式为：therebe+主语部分＋状语部分，表示某处存在某物，be常用现在时，过去时和将来时等：Oh,cool!Andtherearemanythingstosee.ThereisevenadeerparkinSanya.Thereareabout80pyramidsinEgypt.Willtherebeafootballmatchinyourschoolnextweek?4、实义动词be：将be视为实义动词，因为它具有实际的词义，如成为;做;发生;举行;逗留;到达等。如：Hisdaughterwantstobeadoctorforanimalsinhertwenties.Kate'sbirthdaypartywillbeathalfpastsixthisevening.JimhasbeeninChinaformorethantwoyears,buthehasnotyetbeentoYichang.（二）一些表示感受的动词和表示状态的动词：feel,look,sound,smell,taste,touch（表示感受）；become,keep,get,turn,grow,seem（表示状态）Sheamfeelingbetter.Thesoupsmellsnice.Theweatherisgettinghotterandhotter.Herfaceturnedred.Youmustkeephealthy.【基础练习】（一）选择最佳答案：（）1.Mybrother____ateacher.He____hispupilsverymuch.A.is,likeB.is,likesC.are,likesD.are,like（）2.A:Howmanydays____thereinaweek?B:There____seven.A.is,isB.are,areC.is,areD.are,is（）3.I____tiredlastnight.A.becameB.feltC.lookedD.am（）4.Herface____pale（苍白）whensheheardthebadnews.A.gotB.isC.turnedD.was（）5.You____pale.What'swrongwithyou?A.turnB.seemC.lookD.become（）6.Theboy____illtoday.A.areB.isC.beD.am（）7.Which____bigger,thesunorthemoon?A.areB.isC.beD./（）8.NeithershenorI____adoctor.A.amnotB.amC.areD.is（）9.I____aworkernextyear.A.amB.willbeC.beD.will（）10.Hervoice____likemymother's.A.soundsB.soundC.looksD.look（）11.Itoftenrainsandthecrops____fast.A.getB.turnC.growD.become（）12.A:Howareyou____now?B:Muchbetter,thankyou.A.gettingB.feelingC.makingD.turning（）13.Theteacher'ssmilemademe____better.A.feelB.tofeelC.feelingD.felt（）14.MyEnglishteacher____.A.alllookyoungB.looksyoungC.lookyoungD.alllooksyoung（）15.I____busynow,butI____freenextweek.A.am,amB.am,willC.am,willbeD.being,willbe（）16.I____atthisschoolforabouttwomonths.A.amB.willbeC.havebeenD.was（）17.Mybrother____intheLeagueforaboutfiveyears.A.havebeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.is（）18.Cometomyofficeifyou____freetomorrow.A.areB.willbeC.wasD.is（）19.Ifwater____heated,itwillbe____intovapour（蒸气）.A.was,turnedB.is,turnedC.is.getD.was,got（）20.Ifyoudon'ttakebackwhatyoujustsaid,Mother____angry.A.isB.willbeC.getD.feels（）21.Neitherofus____adoctor.A.amB.areC.isD.were（）22.He____afamouswriter.A.turnsB.becomeC.hasbecomeD.hasturned（）23.Thegirl'sface____red.A.turnedB.gotC.feelD.look（）24.He____veryglad.A.lookedB.turnedC.feelD.looks（）25.Theflowers____fragrant（芳香）.A.getB.smellsC.smellD.feels（）26.Thetable____verysmooth.A.lookB.turnC.feelsD.smell（）27.Jack____youngerthanTom.A.lookB.feelC.feelsD.looks（）28.Shelooks____.A.happyB.tobehappyC.happilyD.thatsheishappy（二）用smell，taste，go，get，become，grow，seem，look，feel，turn的适当形式填空：1.You____veryyoung.2.Atfirstthosequestions____easy,butlaterIfoundthemdifficult.3.Afterthesportsmeeting,he____verytired.4.Myyoungerbrother____astudentlastyear.5.Whenwe____up,we'regoingtohelpbuildupourcountry.6.Theflowers____verysweet.7.Herface____red.8.Jack____veryhappy.9.Themooncake____good.10.Themeat____bad.三、情态动词：【语法回顾】情态动词的语法特征1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2）情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。常见的情态动词有：can(could),may(might),must,shall(should),will(would),dare(dared),need等,另外,haveto、hadbetter也当作情态动词使用。情态动词后面必须加动词的原形。1、can和beableto1）can/could表示能力；可能（过去时用could）,只