高中英语语法知识大全 配高考真题训练

1．冠词;数词1）泛指与特指(fig.1)三步推理（如图）2）序数词和比较级加冠词never…abetteroneathirdone=another=thenextthebetteroneofthetwoamostimportantmatter3）词组辨异attable—atthetableoutofquestion—outofthequestiongotothecinema—gotoacinemaasecond;amost…thebalanceofnature;space;theuniverse;thetelephone(invention)theChineselanguage4）专有名词:TheSmiths;atHarold’s;buyaChinaDaily;achemistandmathematician;inthe1980s;inhisfifties;TheUnitedStates(America);theSpringFestival;(anartfestival)5）a+不可数名词agoodknowledgeofEnglish;ascience2．名词；代词；主谓一致1）不定代词(复合代词)：指代的单复数:everyone;each;everyone;much;most;none;neither;half;后置修饰语:that定语从句;形容词后置；介词短语；非谓语形式可否接of短语:everyone-everyone;none—noone;几组辨异词：1）other;theother;another;others;theothers2）none;neither;noone;nothing3）every;everyone;everyone;each;anyone4）any;some;something;anything5）few;afew;little;alittle2）反身代词：词组；enjoy;devote;accustom;make(…done)—oneself反身动词(seat;dress;station;locate;hide;devote;adapt;prepare;etc)；自己的怎么说：one’sown…;a…ofone’sown;3）集合名词：group;population;audience;team;family;majority;vocabulary;etc.thecattle;thepeople;thepolice;clothes;(pl.)4）可数名词与不可数名词:twopiecesofpaper;apairoftrousers(they;thispair);etc.twodollars;tenmiles;1）就近/远原则:neithernor…;-----aswellas;togetherwith2）else：somethingelse;anyoneelse;whoelse;whoelse’s1．形容词；副词1）比较句型as…as,notso…as,more…than,lessoftenthan,themore…theless;moreandmore思考：Youcan’tlearnaforeignlanguageovernight___youcaneatamealinonemouthful.A.nomorethanB.anymorethanC.justasD.asif(解法：not=not;not≠yes)Thelargervocabularyyouhave,theeasieryouwillfindEnglish.A.learningB.tolearnC.ittolearnD.whenyoulearn2）倍数表达twiceasmany(cars)astwicemorethantwicetheproductionofdoubledthescoreofhisopponent.Manythingsnowcostdoublewhattheydidafewyearsago3）比较级表最高morethananyothercountry;morethantheothercountries,morethananyoftheothercountries;Noonecanbemorestrictthanhe.Ihaveneverseenamoremagnificentscenethanthis.Thelargervocabularyyouhave,theeasieryouwillfindittolearnEnglish.4）比较词组as…aspossible,as…asonecan,as…asanything,aswellas,and…aswell,solongas,sofaras,assoonas,sofar,soasto,asfor,asarule,asaresult,asamatteroffact,asawhole,asto;morethan,nomorethan,nolessthan,nothinglessthan,otherthan,nootherthan,ratherthan,nosooner…than,nomore,notanymore,nolonger,notanylonger;2．3．动词；时态和语态1）系动词：get;seem;appear;turn;fall;become;remain;stay;prove;turnout;etc.2）情态动词用法:should;shall;may;can;dare;need;1）haveto;usedto;etc.(否定；结构辨析)2）各种时态的基本用法(时间状语；语境语气；句型；)3）句型中的特定时态1．ItisseveralyearssinceIsawherlasttime.ItwasseveralyearssinceIhadsawhim.2．ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.ThatwasthesecondtimeIhadbeenthere.3．Jimmyhadhardlygotothestationwhenthebusleft.4．Itishightimethatyoudidyourhomework.5．Themanagerwillseeyouifheisfreetomorrow.6．ThemanseemsasifhehadbeentheremanytimesIwouldhaveseenthefilmifIhadhadtimeyesterday.（虚拟语气）7．Hedidn’tseetheresultuntilheleft.Itwasnotuntilthenthatheknewhehadbeencheated.8．Itisnecessarythatweshouldlearnhardsoastopasstheexamination.9．Ididn’tthinkyouwerecomingtoday.10．Itwillbelongbeforewetakeoverthecity.Itwasseveralyearsbeforeconstructionofthebuildingwasstarted..11．Gostraightandyouwillseeapostacrossthestreet.12．Inthepastfewyearswehavebuiltsevenhighways.Bytheendoflastyearhehadlearnedtwothousandwords.SofarIhaveknownheisafalsefriend.Bythetimeyougottherehewillhaveleft.4）主动语态表被动:prove;blame;sell;turnout;require;resultfrom;1．非谓语动词(参考资料)非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是难点，学生常常对此感到头疼。其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点，做起题来会很轻松。我们先来看看非谓语动词的各种变化形式。熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后，做题时可分四步分析。一、分析句子结构1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.2.____manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.Havingbeentold.B.ToldC.HewastoldD.Thoughhehadbeentold3.________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.4.Ifyou________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.5.________totheleft,andyou'llfindthepostoffice.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnD.Turned分析：句1.用连词but引导并列句子，因此，前面也是个独立句子成分，故选C。句2.句中用逗号隔开，且无连词引导，因此，前面不是句子结构，只是句子的一个成分，故选A，非谓语动词作状语。句3.同句2，选A。句4.前面用if引导从句，故选C，构成从句谓语。句5.同句1，选C。二、分析逻辑主语确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。1.________nobuses,wehavetowalkhome.A.TherebeingB.ItwereC.TherewereD.Itbeing2.______SundayIshallhaveaquietdayathome.分析：句1.表示“没有公共汽车”，应用“therebe”结构，即逻辑主语是“there”，故选A。句2.同理选D。三、分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。1.______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.2.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.See这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没有加自己的逻辑主语,因此其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。分析：句1.“地球”被“看起来”，表被动，故选A，用过去分词表被动。句2.我们“主动看……”即表主动，故选B。3.Thedirtyclothes______,thegirlhungthemupoutside.4._____thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.A.waswashedB.washedC.werewashedD.havingwashed分析：句3.前面应用非谓语动词作句子的状语，逻辑主语是“thedirtyclothes”，和动词搭配表示“衣服被洗”，故选B。句4.逻辑主语为句子的主语“thegirl”，表示“女孩洗衣服”，为主动关系，故选D。四、分析时态，在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。1.Thebuilding______nowwillbearestaurant.2.Thebuilding______nextyearwillbearestaurant.3.Thebuilding______lastyearisarestaurant.A.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuiltC.beingbuiltD.built句1中now说明大楼正在被修，故用进行式，选C。句2中nextyear说明大楼将在明年被修，故用表将来的不定式，选B。句3中lastyear说明大楼已被修，但不能选，因为现在分词的完成式不能作定语，故用过去分词，选D。又如：1.Hestoodthere______forhismother.2.______fortwoh