基于中美日比较的我国中小企业技术创新政策分析

华中科技大学硕士学位论文基于中美日比较的我国中小企业技术创新政策分析姓名：汪莹申请学位级别：硕士专业：技术经济及管理指导教师：王娅莉20060429IIIABSTRACTMiddle&smallenterprises,asimportantandactivestrengthintheeconomy,areimportanttodrivethetechnicalprogress.Itiscrucialtoacountryoraregiontodrawatechnicalinnovationpolicywhichcanspiritupmiddle&smallenterprisestodevelop.Mappingoutourcountry’smiddle&smallenterprisestechnicalinnovationpolicyneedsusmakeclearoftherulesofmiddle&smallenterprises’developmentandthefeatureofeachcountry’stechnicalinnovationpolicy,andmaketechnicalinnovationpolicyaccordwiththerulesandneedofmiddle&smallenterprises.Inordertoanalysethefunctionoftechnicalinnovationpolicyonmiddle&smallenterprises,andworkoverpolicyandculture’simpression,thisstudyusestimesequencedataanalysismethodtoanalysemiddle&smallenterprises’statusineconomicandtechnicalinnovation.Thestudythinksthatmiddle&smallenterprisesimpulsetheeconomicandtechnicalinnovationtodevelop,aswellastheycanimpulseeachother.Thestudywishestosupplyreferencewhenourgovernmentdrawsourmiddle&smallenterprises’technicalinnovationpolicy.Throughthecomparisonofthethreecountries,thestudyfindssomeproblemsinourcountry’smiddle&smallenterprises’technicalinnovationpolicy,suchaslackoflegalsupport,lackofspecificadministration,theriskinvestmentsystembeingnotperfectandsoon.Thestudyalsoputsforwardssomesuggestions,suchasestablishingwiderriskinvestingchannel,buildingsocialservicesystem,cultivatinginnovationconsciousnessandsoon.Keywords:Middle&SmallEnterpriseTechnicalInnovationPolicyCultureBackgroundPolicyDevelopmentPhaseComparisonAnalyse2006429______20064292006429111.120GDP8021.21.2.1——[1]3[2]R.Rothwell·[3]MarkDodgson19971982OECD“”[4]“”[5][6][7][8][9]OECD“”4[10]“”[1](R&D)R&DR&D——()51.2.21“”“”[11]Nelson[12]Arrow“”blackbox2Freeman[13]Rosenberg[14]6“”2050“”2060MyersMarquis[15]“”FusfeldKahlish[16]1985VonHippel1987[2]RoyRothwell1983“”Kelin[17]Rosenberg3Freeman[13]Nelson[11]Lundvill1992Mowery2005“”[18][19][20]1998[21]OECD,1996“”71.2.31[21]Samuelson“”[9],219623Spill-overeffect[22]Spence19848Schlie1982922.12.1.1“”“”5001953“”SMALLBUSINESSADMINISTRATION500“100205”2002007575[24]50500250500[25]503001019631300100050205[26]1999550500055000902.1.2“”Schumpeter1912“”[27]1962J.I.Enos“”G.Lynn“”Mansfield“”Freeman1973“11”1982TheEconomicsofIndustrialInnovationNSFNationalFoundationofU.S.A1976“”[6]199982.2“”1219913553365006270.1849935470999.82182268500740.0449918219499.9697.46[28]9025064.85[29]200499%60%65%50%[28]200465099.1434080%[29]3.550502004500230099.7%39%53%2/396%[31]2.2.11978-19962.32.320021.51.17313199741894197127[28]2.2.28011%199141461214132.0563.98----12842.73339.81113.95199240408917642.9163.644329.6315894.1566.481476.73199344463324953.5462.877886.5122930.54802.881949.65199446005231831.5261.998440.9622209.581074.832121.17199550396533119.2460.278065.4330845.22443.11977.61199649938838013.4260.5910200.433318.48415.812000.89199746130841315.1760.4411122.3236208.24509.522252.88199815752239759.5358.7010255.0636004.35597.821276.72199915416941124.8256.5611072.1237810.44848.071353.36200015490247370.4555.2912789.2844396.61560.891591.3200116266750632.9953.0513842.8447359.041763.151725.83200217280559648.1653.8516262.3256313.972353.121936.88200319423893356.9865.6226852.3690619.244501.313290.751992-20041998199850019981419981998153%65.62%119981998199819981998200319916199261991719911312.2.321298%55%200365%199149.88%200359.97%152199119931995199719992001200341886944921651038146850616203317125619622222088.683969354946.8668352.6872707.0495448.98142271.222233.293923.675050.335740.473105.924018.065487.731992-200412.31968[32]E.MansfieldR&D1970Kamien.MSchwartz.N[33]“”AcsAudretsch[34]1982341420Geroski1990206016[35]HannahKanny1977R&D3R&D2000R&DR&DR&DR&D51433620286.36199.39166902724213652203.33173.90291892000R&D2000R&DR&DR&DR&D345810200042000833518374544178466133107892000R&D2000183761331722%34%34R&D2000R&DR&D9.235.3R&D29.187.8R&DR&D2.4[36][1]1%2%3%5%2.4.118·[37]2.4.252000312.526542.03645.93216.942827.43331.942000R&D2000216.942827.43331.9441%30.2%34%192.4.3[37]80%310%82%4020——————2133.13.1.1“”“”[38]2065223.1.270[39]195370233.23.2.1“——”[40]“”[40]3.2.2[41]“”24[42][39]2050“”205070“”“”1956“”1960“”196320702070“”1974“”1979“”19883.33.3.125“”“”“”“”3.3.270“”“”80902619971997199920002744.1284.1.119531980—StevensonWydler19821992“SBIR”“STTR”4.1.21953“”SBA101004.1.370[43]1958“”31995295007110[25]4.1.4[43]“”10%198211.3%1519534.1.54.2304.2.1196319631973-19742080199519844.2.219857%6%15%(30%)4.2.3“”“”“”[40]3120“”(1935)(1958)(1995)4.2.40.25%.19983114104.2.5“”4.3103219984.3.11999520007620007200262003114.3.2199950—1001002001999-2002[44]280274.78%2044949463366.716909.1269.21433.318.56.71.5334.3.31999199920004.46620707034803555.15.1.1217R&D7R&D20042002200320032004R&D92.63133.4667.5315.132.14R&D12911016698OECD,MainScienceandTechnologyIndicators2005-27R&DR&D36[44]6.75.510.53.0“”82000108.57741.73663.4578.65463.0584.88643.90559.0349.24369.472000R&D5.1.2199510.32.424[46]2000R&D364.4%42.7%13.1%375.1.3R&D2003R&DGDP1.87%2.36%R&DGDP0.82%R&DR&DR&DR&D8109R&DGDP2003R&DGDP%1.872.360.82OECD,MainScienceandTechnologyIndi