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Welcometomyclass英语的六种基本句型简单句英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成六种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这六种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语六种基本句型列式如下:基本句型一:S+V(主+谓)基本句型二:S+V+P(主+系+表)基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾)基本句型四:S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)基本句型五:S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型六:There+be+其他各种词类及其在句子中的作用:1.Nouns(n.)名词:-----主语(S),宾语(O),表语(P)等2.Verbs(v.)动词----谓语(V)(vt.及物动词/vi.不及物动词)3.Pronouns(pron.)代词:----主语,宾语,表语等e.g.Katehasapiano.SVOShelikesitverymuch.SVO4.Adjectives(adj.)形容词:----定语(At.)表语(P)e.g.Theovercoatisverybeautiful.Thisisaverybeautifulovercoat.5.Adverbs(adv.)副词:------状语(Ad.)6.Numerals(num.)数词:------定语,表语,主语等e.g.25(desks)______(be)enough.7.Articles(art.)冠词:(aanthe)一般不单独构成句子成分(At.)(P)is8.Prepositions(prep.)介词(in,at,on,…)prep.+n.介词短语-----状语(Ad.),表语等e.g.Wecanseethebikeunderthetree.9.Conjunctions(conj.)连词(and,or,but,so…)一般不构成成分,仅起连接作用10.Interjections(interj.)感叹词(ah,oh,yeah…)一般不构成成分,起加强语气作用基本句型一S(subject)+V(verb)(主+谓)特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。即:后面不可以直接跟宾语,但可以加介词再加宾语e.g.Hiswordsworks.Thebabycry.Helivesinthetown.SVi(不及物动词)1.Time2.Themoon3.Theman4.Weall5.Everybody6.I7.They8.He9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.cry.Laughed.woke.talked(forhalfanhour).walked(yesterday)isplayinghavegone基本句型二S+V+P(主+系+表)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子的系动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语,才能表达完整的意思。系动词可分四类:1)be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,后可接动词外的任何词;2)感官动词类look,feel,smell,taste,sound等3)表示变化:get,grow,become,turn,go等4)表示状态延续:stay,keep,prove,remain,stand等。SLinking-V系动词)P(表语)1.He2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.HisfaceissmellsfelllooksisisbecomesturnedanEnglishteacher.good.happy.different.tallandstrong.interesting.warmer.red.基本句型三S+V+O(主+谓+宾)特点:谓语动词都是实义动词,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。SVt(实义动词)O(宾语)1.She2.She3.He8.He5.They6.Danny7.I4.Heopenspushesunderstandsmadeatelikeswantsaidthebox.her.English.cakes.someapples.donuts.acupoftea.Goodmorning.基本句型四S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词后面必须有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者(物),另一个是动作的间接承受者(人)。SV(及物)IO多指人)DO(多指物)1.She2.She5.I6.I7.ShepassedbroughtgaveshowedtoldhimHerhusbandherhimhimanewdress.adictionary.anOI.howtorunthemachine.thatthebuswaslate.若要先说出直接宾语(事物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词to或for。如:Shepassedanewdresstohim.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助to的)bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等;(需借助for的)buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。基本句型五S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。SV(及物)O(宾语)C(宾补)1.We2.She3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ikeepaskedcallfoundmakessawaskedsawthetableussupperthehousehimhimmethemclean.todothework.dinner.dirty.sad?out.tocomebacksoon.gettingonthebus.英语基本句型6Therebe句型说明:此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成,用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。它其实是倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语词be之后,there仅为引导词,并无实际语意。Thereisabirdonthetree.此句型有时不用be动词,而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等。如:Therestandsahillinthemiddleofthepark.Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldkinginthetown.Be与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致,有时态和情态变化。如:现在有thereis/are…过去有therewas/were…将来有therewillbe…;thereis/aregoingtobe...现在已经有therehas/havebeen…可能有theremightbe...肯定有theremustbe…/theremusthavebeen...过去曾经有thereusedtobe…似乎有thereseems/seem/seemedtobe…碰巧有therehappen/happens/happenedtobe…1.Theyworkhard.主+谓2.Theflowerisdead.主+系+表3.Plantsneedwater.主+谓+宾4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.主+谓+间宾+直宾5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.主+谓+宾+宾补6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.主+谓句式1.陈述句2.疑问句3.祈使句4.感叹句陈述句陈述句说明一个事实或说话人的态度。1.陈述句的肯定式:主语+谓语+其他e.g.Thisisabook.Icanswim.Theywillworkinbeijing.2.陈述句的否定式:在句中加not或者是表示否定意义的词。e.g.Thisisnotabook.Icannotswim.Theywillnotworkinbeijing.注:否定词not要位于be/助动词之后,实意动词之前。除not外,构成否定句的还有其他否定词:①noHehasnobrother.②neverIhaveneverseensuchaman.③noone,nobodyNobodyisinterestedinthebook.④nothingThereisnothingonthetable.⑤neitherof...,noneof...Neitherofthemisgoodatswimming.Noneofthemisgoodatswimming.⑥little,fewTherearefewstudentsintheclassroom.Thereislittlewaterintheglass.⑦seldom,hardlyIseldomwatchTV.Icanhardlysayaword.⑧too...to...Heistooyoungtogotoschool.疑问句疑问句用于提出问题,分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。1.一般疑问句一般疑问句询问事物或某种情况是否属实,需要对方给予肯定(Yes)或否定(No)回答。e.g.Isitabook?肯定:yes,itis.否定:no.itisn’t(isnot的缩写)陈述句变一般疑问句含有be及情态动词can的陈述句变疑问句用“一提二改三问号”就是只需把be或can提前,改大小写,句号改为问号,如果有第一人称的词要改为第二人称。e.g.Heisateacher.—Isheateacher?Iamateacher----Areyouateacher?Hecansing--------canhesing?句中没有be及情态动词can的陈述句变疑问句用“一加二改三问号”就是在句首加do或者does,改大小写或人称,句号变问号,主语是第三人称单数(he,she,it)时加does,注意动词的单三形式要还原。e.g.Iknowthetrafficrules.Doyouknowthetrafficrules?shegoestoworkonfoot.Doesshegotoworkonfoot?特殊疑问句用疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句,疑问词的分类:what,who,which,whose,whom,when,where,why,how特殊疑问句的回答:问什么答什么e.g.WhoisyourEnglishteacher?-NinaismyEnglishteacher.What'syourfavoritecolor?-Blackismyfavoritecolor.whichoneisyoursister?--Thatoneismysister.Whenisyourbirthday?-Mybirthdayison5thOctober.Wheredoyoulive?-IliveinDongGuan.whyareyousosad?--becauseIlostmykey.
本文标题:英语基本句型及句式
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