新东方新概念英语第2册笔记51-59

lesson51rewardn报偿virtuen美德dietn节食forbidv禁止forbiddenhurriedlyadj匆忙地embarrassv使尴尬guiltilyadv内疚地strictadj严格的rewardv给奖赏occasionallyadv偶而地givesbreward给...报偿rewardsbwithsth用...奖赏...rewardsbforsth因为...给某人奖赏...rewardhimforthefirstprizestrongpoints长处，merit优点shortpoints短处weakpoints弱点goonadietbeonadietforbidsbtodosth：禁止某人做某事allowsbtodo允许某人做某事ForbiddenCitylost：一个动词地过去分词可以作为形容词用brokenglass被打破地玻璃embarrassing：令人尴尬地embarrassed:感到尴尬sthembarrasssbyouembarrassedme你让我感到尴尬embarrassmenttomyembarrassment让我感到尴尬的bestrictwithsbmyfatherisstrictwithmebestrictinsthontheoccasion偶尔sometimes偶尔attimes偶尔Howoftendoyouvisityourparentsoffandon偶尔nowandagain偶尔textMyfriend,Herbert,hasalwaysbeenfat,butthingsgotsobadrecentlythathede-cidedtogoonadiet.Hebeganhisdietaweekago.Firstofall,hewroteoutalonglistofallthefoodswhichwerefor-bidden.ThelistincludedmostofthethingsHerbertloves:butter,potatoes,rice,beer,milk,chocolate,andsweets.YesterdayIpaidhimavisit.IrangthebellandwasnotsurprisedtoseethatHerbertwasstillasfatasever.Heledmeintohisroomandhurriedlyhidalargeparcelunderhisdesk.ItwasobviousthatheWasveryembarrassed.WhenIaskedhimwhathewasdoing,hesmiledguiltilyandthenputtheparcelonthedesk.Heexplainedthathisdietwassostrictthathehadtorewardhimselfoccasionally.Thenheshowedmethecontentsoftheparcel.Itcontainedfivelargebarsofchocolateandthreebagsofsweets!Firstofall首先，首要atfirst首先writeout写出includedcontain一定是容器里面装mostof大部分fatten：使某人长胖paysbavisit拜访某人payavisittocallat拜访某地payyouavisithaveavisit＝visitas...asever像往常一样...ascleanaseverbesurprisedtodoleadsbinto（进门）showsbout（出门）seesboff（送行）obviously＝itwasobviousthatletterwriting如果给一个不很熟悉的人写信，应按如下方式开头：亲爱的布朗先生对对方熟悉，但是为了表示一种尊重raise及物动词rise：不能加宾语lay：及物动词lie不及物beat后面接对手win不能接对手multiplechoices4、有ago的词，一定不用完成时，用一般过去时11、半联系动词：be动词感官动词feel，smell...get：变得，become，liefeel＋adjshy：害羞的（习惯性的，在某一种情况下就会作出的反应）shame：（n）羞愧shameful：令人羞愧的ashamed：感到羞愧的hot热的，恼火的uncomfortable：不舒服的lesson52temporarilyadv暂时地inchn英寸（度量单位）spacen空间actuallyadv实际上textWehavejustmovedintoanewhouseandIhavebeenworkinghardallmorning.Ihavetentryingtogetmynewroominorder.ThishasnotbeeneasybecauseIownoverathousandbooks.Tomakemattersworse,theroomisrathersmall,soIhavetemporarilyputmybooksonthefloor.Atthemoment,theycovereveryinchoffloorspaceandIactuallyhavetowalkonthemtogetinoroutoftheroom.Ashortwhileago,mysisterhelpedmetocarryoneofmyoldbookcasesupthestairs.Shewentintomyroomandgotabigsurprisewhenshesawallthosebooksonthefloor.'ThisistheprettiestcarpetIhaveeverseen,'shesaid.Shegazedatitforsometimethenadded,'Youdon'tneedbookcasesatall.Youcansithereinyoursparetimeandreadthecarpet!'有just就是完成时现在完成进行时－动作有延续现在完成时：1、在漫长地时间段，过去发生的，还一定要对现在产生影响2、在过去发生的动作，一直延续到现在Ihavebeenworkinghardallmorning（还在继续）getmynewroominorderinorder：有秩序，有次序getsthinorder使...有秩序tomakemattersworse－插入语，放开头，“更糟糕的是”rather相当的atthemoment：（＝now）现在everyinch：每一英寸（夸张）helpsb（to）dosth：帮某人做某事helpsbwithsthhehelpmetolearnenglishhehelpmewithmyenglishwithyourhelp：在你的帮助下withyourhelpimadegreatprogressihaveeverseen：做定语从句出现，是最高级的标志gazedat：对...向往，羡慕notatall起强调作用keystructuresihavereadthebook书已看完ihavebeenreadingthebook还没看完，还要继续ihaveread'OliverTwist'fivetimes跟次数连用的，一定只能用完成时语法精髓1、youshouldgotobed.youhavebeenwatching/havewatchedTVfor5hours2、i_____havingbeen(writing)letterssincebreakfast3、i（havewritten）3letterssincebreakfast4、sorry，butMr.SmithhasleftforBeijingleave瞬间动词1、和现在完成进行时连用的，一定不能是次数2、和现在完成进行时连用的动词，一定不能时短暂动词5、ihavebeenlookingforhimeverywhere，wherecanhebe？specialdifficultieshavebeendoing强调动作有可能继续发生不能是短暂动词，次数不能连用形容词－做表语，定语副词－修饰动词，形容词，副词词性本身beautiful－－beautifully不是所有的形容词都可以加ly（asleep）不是所有的副词都一定以ly结尾（late）不是所有的加ly的都是副词有些词加了ly后，反而意思会改变有些词的形容词和副词同行late（adj，adv）迟lately：近来hard努力地（＝difficult）困难地hardly几乎不high：（adj）高的high（adv）高度地highly：高度地deep：深的（adj）（adv）deeply：深度地near：在旁边的nearly：几乎，将近keeporder：保持秩序动词＋宾语＋形容词－－做宾补get，keep，make，findelse一定放在不定代词和疑问代词后面anythingelse、anybodyelsedifferent－－形容词，加副词或名词做宾语other－形容词theother－－代词otherwise－连词，“否则',副词（＝differently）hurryup,otherwiseyouwillmisstrainlesson53hotadj带电的，充电的firemann消防队员causev；n引起；原因examinev检查accidentallyadv意外地，偶然地remainsn尸体，残骸wiren电线voltn伏特powerline电力线solvev解决mysteryn谜snatchv抓住sparkn电火花hot热的，hot-hot-hot：麻辣烫hot-wings：辣鸡翅hot-tempered：火暴（脾气）的hotline：热线hottopic：热门话题hotcake：热蛋糕hotdog：热狗itsellslikeahotcake/cakeshot新鲜的bestseller：畅销的东西hotpotato棘手的问题hotnews最热点的新闻hotsnake触电的蛇hydrant：消防栓fireextinguisher：灭火器extinguish＝putout：灭火causesth：引起麻烦Carelessnesscausesaccidents。粗心导致事故Pridecausesfailure骄傲使人失败causesbtodosthillnesscausedhimtolosehistemperbecause：因为becausereason：理由，cause：原因cause：强调事情发生的直接原因reason：其他各种的理由examinethesoilcheck：核实，核对accident－》accidental－》accidentallyaccident：事故unexpectedly：出乎意料地remains指deadbodysolvethemysterysolvetheproblemmystery（无法接受地，解释不了的）catch：holdsnatch：（突然抓起来）seize：抓住（用力）seizemyarmtextHotsnakeAtlastfiremenhaveputoutabigforestfireinCalifornia.Sincethen,theyhavebeentryingtofindouthowthefirebegan.Forestfireareoftencausedbybrokenglassorbycigaretteendswhichpeoplecarelesslythrowaway.Yesterdaythefire-menexaminedthegroundcarefully,butwerenotabletofindanybrokenglass.Theywerealsoquitesurethatacigaretteenddidnotstar