(Economy_of_America)

CE.9aCE.9a一个普通的美国人工资和消费•工作：在一个商业机构当业务代表。工资：打税和交费以后三千美元一个月。（美国人的工资打的税包括联邦税，州税，社会安全税，州残疾人税，全国医疗保险税。交的费包括退休基金费约百分之十，工会费，人寿保险费，医药保险费等）背景：父母帮他出了头款，贷款买了一所房子。（独栋房子，约150平方米，三个房间，一个饭厅，一个客厅，一个半浴室，一个厨房连早餐间，一个车房，后花园）CE.9a•每月花费：1．房屋贷款：1000美元（占本月收入的33%)2．房屋地产税：250美元（占月收入百分之8）3．房屋保险：50美元（占月收入百分之2）4．他买了一辆宝马325i轿车，汽车贷款是：300美元（占月收入百分之十）5．汽车保险：100美元（占月收入百分之3）6．手机花费（包括月费和电话费在内，他每月白天要打600分钟左右的电话，幸好美国的手机晚上9点以后和星期六、星期天都是免费时间）：45美元（连税了）（百分之一点五）7．有线电视：45美元（百分之一点五）CE.9a•8．汽油：35美元（占月收入百分之1点2）9．汽车维修保养：因为宝马的新车在四年内是免费保养的，所以这方面免费。洗车在家门口自己洗。10．水电煤气垃圾费：72美元（占月收入百分之2点4）11．吃：（占月收入百分之5点5）早餐：吃煎鸡蛋，培根加牛奶麦片或者面包，水果（每月32美元）午餐：吃速食微波炉饭盒或者快餐（每月32美元）晚餐：自己做，有时候到外面吃（每月100美元）12．零用：300美元（占月收入百分之10）13．存：639美元（占月收入百分之21）CE.9aObjectives•1.exploresAmericaneconomicsystem•2.outlinesthehistoryofAmericaneconomyCE.9aContents1.Generalintroduction2.HistoryofAmericanEconomy3.CurrentAmericanEconomyCE.9a•1.Generalintroduction•largestnationaleconomy•economicstructure:mixedeconomyCE.9a“WhentheUnitedStatescoughs,therestoftheworldcatchcold.”lessthan6%oftheworld’spopulation.producesabout25%ofthetotalworldoutput.CE.9a2011GDP1美国15,064,8162中国6,988,4703日本5,855,3834德国3,628,6235法国2,808,2656巴西2,517,9277英国2,480,9788意大利2,245,7069俄罗斯1,884,90310印度1,843,382CE.9a2011GDPpercapita•001卢森堡108832•002挪威84444•003卡塔尔76168•004瑞士67246•005阿联酋59717•006丹麦56147•007澳大利亚55590•008瑞典48875•009美国47284•010荷兰47172•093中国4382Mixedeconomy•ThemaindrivebehindwhatbecametheUnitedStatesasweknowittoday.•Whatisfreeenterprise?•Economicfreedomofcapitalism--CE.9aCharacteristicsofaFreeEnterpriseeconomy(VEPPC)CE.9aVoluntaryExchange–Buyersandsellersshouldbeabletooperatefreely.Buyersshouldbuywhattheywant,sellersshouldsellwhattheywant,anddowhattheywantwiththemoney.CharacteristicsofaFreeEnterpriseeconomy(VEPPC)CE.9aEconomicFreedom–Peopleshouldbefreetochoosetheiroccupation,wheretheywork,tostartabusinessorworkforacompany,moveamongjobs,freedomforbusinessestopursuetheirowninterestsandmaximizeprofits,makewhatevergoodsandservicestheywant.CharacteristicsofaFreeEnterpriseeconomy(VEPPC)CE.9aCharacteristicsofaFreeEnterpriseeconomy(VEPPC)PrivateProperty–Peoplehavetherightandprivilegetocontroltheirpropertyastheywish.Providesincentivetogetahead.Peoplecankeeptherewardstheyearn.CE.9aCharacteristicsofaFreeEnterpriseeconomy(VEPPC)Profitmotive–ThedrivingforcethatencouragespeopleandorganizationstotakerisksinthehopetheywillbebetteroffafteratransactionthanbeforeCE.9aCompetition–Capitalismthrivesoncompetition.Consumerscompetetofindthebestproductsatlowestprices.Sellersstruggletoattractconsumersbyloweringcostsandimprovingquality.Goodsandservicesallocatedtothosewillingandabletopay.CharacteristicsofaFreeEnterpriseeconomy(VEPPC)CE.9aTheRoleofGovernment(PPPR)TheUnitedStatesshallguaranteetoeverystateinthisUnionarepublicanformofgovernment,andshallprotecteachofthemagainstinvasion…ArticleIV,SectionIVTheUSConstitutionCE.9aTheRoleofGovernment(PPPR)TheUnitedStatesshallguaranteetoeverystateinthisUnionarepublicanformofgovernment,andshallprotecteachofthemagainstinvasion…ArticleIV,SectionIVTheUSConstitutionCE.9aTheRoleofGovernment(PPPR)Protector–Enforcementoflawsthatprotectpublicsafety–environmentallaws,autosafety,foodanddrugs,anti-discrimination,nationaldefense,borderenforcement,customsandimmigration.CE.9aTheRoleofGovernment(PPPR)ProviderandConsumer–Providespublicfacilities,roads,libraries,airports,nationaldefense–Consumesmanyfactorsofproduction.CE.9aTheRoleofGovernment(PPPR)PromoterofNationalGoals–Governmentactstopromotemanyofthegoalsandcharacteristicsofthemodifiedprivateenterprisemodel.Actstoreflectthewillofthepeopleathomeandabroad.CE.9aTheRoleofGovernment(PPPR)Regulator–Preservingcompetitioninthemarketplace,protectinginterstatecommerce,controlofbuildingandzoning,autoregistration,insurancerates,telecommunications.CE.9aMixedeconomy•Businessemployees,includingtheself-employed,suchasfarmers,makeupthelargestproportionoftheworkingpopulation,accountingformorethan75%.•Governmentworkersatnational,state,andlocallevelscomenext,withapproximately21%.•Employeesofnonprofitorganizationsanddomesticservantsaccountformostoftheothers.CE.9aMixedeconomy•InAmericaneconomy,privatelyownedandoperatedbusinesses,includingfarms,produceabout85%ofthetotalfinaloutputofgoodsandservices.•Peopleinindependentprofessionalpractice,suchasdoctorslawyers,andaccountants,produceabout3%ofthetotal.•Governmentunits,includingschooldistricts,turnoutmostoftherestofthecountry'sproductsandservices.CE.9a2.HistoryofAmericanEconomy•rootsinEuropeansettlements●Colonialeconomyfarmingeconomyindustrialeconomy↓↓CE.9a•2.HistoryofAmericanEconomyeconomicfreedomlowlevelsofregulationandgovernmentinvolvement﹢courtsystemprotectsrichresources﹢CE.9a2.HistoryofAmericanEconomy•(1)ColonialPeriodTheMayflower,whichtransportedPuritanstotheNewWorldCE.9a1.TheColonialPeriodcolonialcharters.CE.9a1.TheColonialPeriodappearanceofsawmills(锯木场)andgristmills(磨房)shipyards—buildingfishingfleetsandtradingvesselssmallironforges(冶炼厂)Secondaryindustries(二级产业)CE.9aGristmillIronforge1.TheColonialPeriodCE.9a2.HistoryofAmericanEconomy•(2)SinceAmerica