高考备考英语语法大全

高中重点语法精讲高中英语语法现象很多。为了便于区别，不同的语法现象被赋予了不同的语法概念或名称（每个语法现象对应着一个自己的“名字”）。语法概念或名称是语法现象的高度浓缩和概括，准确的理解把握语法概念或名称对解决相关的语法题目，起着事半功倍的作用。下面所述的重点语法问题均从语法概念或名称入手，使得繁琐难懂的语法问题变得通俗易懂便于掌握。主谓一致概念透析:定义：主语和谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致。解法指南：1．就近原则----谓语和最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致：1)两个做主语的名词或代词由either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,or连接时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致NotonlyhebutalsoIamateacher.Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit.Themanagerorhisassistantwasplanningtogo.2)therebe/herebe结构中be动词与后面的最近的名词保持一致。Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.Hereisaletterandabookforyou.3)倒装结构Heworkswellinthefactory,sodoesshe.Theboydoesn’tlikeplayingfootball,neither/nordoeshisyoungerbrother.Onthetopofthehillstandsatemple.4)oneof+复数名词+which/that/who(引导定语从句)+谓语用复数;that/which引导定语从句，谓语动词与先行词一致。Heisoneofstudentswhodaretocatchsnake.区别：Heistheonlyoneofstudentswhodarestocatchsnake.I，whoamawarm-heartedman,willdowhatIcandotohelpyou.2就远原则—谓语动词的人称和数与最远（最前面）的主语保持一致：1）主语后面跟aswellas,with,togetherwith,inadditionto，besides，alongwith,including;except,but,not;like短语时谓语动词和最前面的名词一致Aboywithhisparentsisgoingtozoonextweek.Nobodybutthestudentsisintheclassroom.ShenotIlikesplayingvolleyball.2）each作同位语时，它不决定单复数。谓语动词跟前面的主语一致。Theyeachhaveadictionary.（区别：eachofthemhasadictionary.）3)theonly/veryoneof+复数名词+which/that/who+谓语用单数Heistheonlyoneofstudentswhodarestocatchsnake.3意义一致原则----指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。1）集合名词，作为整体时看为单数，强调个体时看作复数。如：Group/class/committee/family/army/team/audience/government/staff…Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.(family强调个体)Myfamilyhasmovedintothenewhouse.(family强调整体)Thebasketballteamconsistsof20players.（team强调球队整体）Thebasketballteamarehavingabathnow.（team强调个体-球队球员）2）单复数同形的词，根据主语本身要表达意思来判断谓语动词用单数还是复数。如means,cattle,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,works,species,fish…AsheepisrunningalongtheriverEverymeansofsolvingtheproblemneedsdiscussing.Thecattlearegrazingneartheriver.牛在河边吃草3)表示数目，时间，金额或距离的名词复数做主语根据意义将其看作整体谓语动词用单数。Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook.Twohoursisenoughforustofinishtheexperiment.4）由and连接的名词短语如果表示同一人或事物，谓动用单数；若表示两个不同的概念，谓动用复数。如：Thebreadandbutterismyfavorite.(同一事物指“黄油面包”)Thesingerandthedancercomefromanothercountry.(两个不同身份的人，指那个歌唱家和那个舞蹈家)5）分数或百分数+of+n.；amajority/minorityof+n谓语动词跟后面的中心词n.保持一致。6)不定代词做主语，谓语动词用单数，如something，nobody，somebody…7)each,either,neither,another,theother做主语或主语被和他们有关的短语修饰，谓语动词用单数。Neitheransweriscorrect.Eachofthemlikeseatingcakes8)有些以—s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news,mathematics,physics,politics等Nonewsisgoodnews.Mathsispopularinourclass.9）thenumberof（谓动用单数）;anumberof/agreatmanyof+复数名词(谓动用复数)Thenumberofathletesis40.Anumberof/agreatmanyofthestudentsarediligent.10）the+adj.指人用复数,指物用单数.如：thewounded(伤员)，theold(伤员)谓动用复数；thebeautiful(美好的事物)，thegood(好的地方优点)谓动用单数。Theoldneedtakinggoodcareof.Thebeautifulisworthyofbeingremembered.Thegoodinhimoutweightsthebad.11)“…form（s）/kind（s）/type（s）of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与form（s）等的单复数一致，此时，若名词是不可数名词，谓语动词也要用复数形式。如：Thiskindofbooksellswell.Twokindsofsalthaveprovedtobeharmfultohumanbody.区别：Booksofthiskindsellwell4形式一致原则—不注重短语表示意思，只注重其形式，形式为单数谓语动词就用单数：manya+n（单数）/morethanone+n（单数）/every(each)+n+（+and+each+n）/amajority(minority)/oneandahalf+复数名词以上的短语做主语谓语动词用单数。Manyastudentlikesplayingthecomputergames.MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing.Oneandahalfhoursisenough.Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.Amajorityisexpectedtobeadmittedtothefamousuniversity.习题精练：1.EitherJaneorSteven___B__watchingTVnow.A.wereB.isC.wasD.are2.Twodays__C____enoughformetofinishthework,Ineedathirdday.A.isn’tB.isC.aren’tD.are3.—Howmanylessonsdoyouusuallyhaveaday?—Sixlessonsaday.AndeachofthemB_____45minutes.A.lastB.lastsC.haveD.are4.NeitherheorIisaprofessionalfootballplayer.A.amB.isC.beD.are5.There____A__onlyonedifficultsentenceandfewnewwordsinlessonone.Itisveryeasy.A.isB.aren’tC.isn’tD.are6.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool___A_1200.A.isB.areC.hasD.have7.Mathematics__B_myfavoritesubject.A.beB.isC.amD.are8.Theboywiththetwodogs_A____whentheearthquakerockedthecity.A.weresleepingBissleepingC.wassleepingD.areasleep9.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_D__therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.areB.isC.wereD.was10.Thatplaceisnotinterestingatall,___A_ofuswantstogothere.A.NeitherB.BothC.AllD.Some11.NobodybutJaneB___thesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknowD.is12.Theofficestaff__D___gatheredtohearthepresidentspeak.A.isB.areC.beD.will13.Thispairofglasses_C__mine.A.areB.beC.isD.willbe14BothLilyandLucy__A__tothepartyyesterday.A.invitedB.wasinvitedC.hadinvitedD.wereinvited15.—TwomonthsA___quitealongtime.—Yes,I’mafraidthathewillmisslotsofhislessons.A.isB.areC.wasD.were16.Inthecity，theold___C____.A.takegoodcareofB.aretakengoodcareofC.istakengoodcareofD.arebeentakengoodcareof17.Hisfamily___allverykindandfriendly,Hisfamily__A__ahappyone.A.are,isB.is,isC.are,areD.is,are18.Thesingerandthedancer___C_cometoBeijing.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is19.Thechildreninthisclasseach___C__newschoolbag.A.haveB.hasC.hasgotD.arehaving20IfBob'swifewon'tagreetogoonholidayinwinter,C.A.neitherhewillB.neitherwon'theC.neitherwillheD.hewon'tneither21.Applesofthiskind______.BA.tastesgoodB.tasteswellC.tastegoodD.tastewell22YouaswellasheCtoblamefortheacc