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钢结构设计九江学院1一由设计任务书可知:厂房总长为120m,柱距6m,跨度为24m,屋架端部高度为2m,车间内设有两台中级工作制吊车,该地区冬季最低温度为-22℃。暂不考虑地震设防。屋面采用1.5m×6.0m预应力大型屋面板,屋面坡度为i=1:10。卷材防水层面(上铺120mm泡沫混凝土保温层和三毡四油防水层)。屋面活荷载标准值为0.7KN/㎡,雪荷载标准值为0.4KN/㎡,积灰荷载标准值为0.5KN/㎡。屋架采用梯形钢屋架,钢屋架简支于钢筋混凝土柱上,混凝土强度等级C20.二选材:根据该地区温度及荷载性质,钢材采用Q235-C。其设计强度为215KN/㎡,焊条采用E43型,手工焊接,构件采用钢板及热轧钢筋,构件与支撑的连接用M20普通螺栓。屋架的计算跨度L。=24000-2×150=23700,端部高度:h=2000mm(轴线处),h=2150(计算跨度处)。三结构形式与布置:屋架形式及几何尺寸见图1所示:图1屋架支撑布置见图2所示:钢结构设计九江学院2图2四荷载与内力计算:1.荷载计算:活荷载于雪荷载不会同时出现,故取两者较大的活荷载计算。永久荷载标准值:防水层(三毡四油上铺小石子)0.35KN/㎡找平层(20mm厚水泥砂浆)0.02×20=0.40KN/㎡保温层(40mm厚泡沫混凝土0.25KN/㎡预应力混凝土大型屋面板1.4KN/㎡钢屋架和支撑自重0.12+0.011×24=0.384KN/㎡总计:2.784KN/㎡可变荷载标准值:雪荷载<屋面活荷载(取两者较大值)0.7KN/㎡积灰荷载0.5KN/㎡风载为吸力,起卸载作用,一般不予考虑。总计:1.2KN/㎡永久荷载设计值1.2×2.784KN/㎡=3.3408KN/㎡可变荷载设计值1.4×1.2KN/㎡=1.68KN/㎡2.荷载组合:设计屋架时应考虑以下三种组合:组合一全跨永久荷载+全跨可变荷载屋架上弦荷载P=(3.3408KN/㎡+1.68KN/㎡)×1.5×6=45.1872KN组合二全跨永久荷载+半跨可变荷载屋架上弦荷载P1=3.3408KN/㎡×1.5×6=30.07KNP2=1.68KN/㎡×1.5×6=15.12KN组合三全跨屋架及支撑自重+半跨大型屋面板自重+半跨屋面活荷载钢结构设计九江学院3屋架上弦荷载P3=0.384KN/㎡×1.2×1.5×6=4.15KNP4=(1.4×1.2+0.7×1.4)×1.5×6=23.94KN3,内力计算:首先求出杆件内力系数,即单位荷载作用下的杆件内力,荷载布置如图3所示。计算内力系数的全跨荷载计算内力系数的半跨荷载图3经计算得表一,表一列出了各个杆件的内力系数和杆件内力值,由表中的三种组合可见:组合一,对杆件计算起主要控制作用;组合三可能引起中间几根斜腹杆发生内力变号,在施工过程中,在屋架两侧对称均匀铺设面板则可避免内力变号。表一杆件全跨1左半跨2P*1P1*1+P2*2P3*1+P4*2计算内力(KN)名称上弦ABC-0.669-0.671-30.2302-30.2773-18.8293-30.27CDEF-14.905-9.588-673.5152-593.1639-291.3925-673.51GHI-16.582-7.832-749.2942-617.0406-256.3134-749.29下弦ab9.1046.19411.3843367.35185.97411.38bc16.2699.093735.1506626.695285.2028735.15腹杆Aa-1.023-1.024-45.2265-46-28.7642-23.47da-11.791-7.956-532.8022-474.85-239.3993-532.8eb6.4893.494292.95247.9535110.5757292.95Eb-2-2-90.3744-90.38-56.18-90.38fb-2.803-0.181-126.66-87.0229-15.9656-126.66gc-0.331-2.461-14.957-47.09-60.29-60.29Ic1.2060.46554.495843.295216.13754.49Ad0.8070.80936.466136.498622.716536.5Bd-1-1-45.1872-45.19-28.09-45.19钢结构设计九江学院4Cd-10.841-7.096-489.8746-433.2804-214.8684-489.87Ce7.2164.221326.0708280.8066130.9971326.07De-1-1-45.1872-45.19-28.09-45.19Ee0.8020.80236.240136.242422.528236.24Ef0.7270.72732.851132.853120.421432.85Ff-1-1-45.1872-45.19-28.09-45.19Gf-20.621-90.37441.0895-54.6628-90.37Gg0.321-1.80914.5051-17.7996-41.9753-41.98Hg-1-1-45.1872-45.19-28.09-45.19Ig0.720.7232.534932.536820.224832.54注:表内负值表示压力,正值表示拉力五杆件截面设计:腹杆最大内力N=-489.87KN,由屋架节点板后参考可知:支座节点板厚可取12mm,其余节点厚和垫板厚度均取10mm。1.上弦杆整个上弦杆采用同一截面,按最大内力计算N=-749.29KN。计算长度:屋架平面内取节点轴线长度lox=150.8cm。屋架平面外根据支撑,考虑到大型屋面板能起一定的支撑作用,取上弦横向水平支撑的节点长度loy=2lox=267cm,故截面宜选用两个不等肢的角钢,且短肢相并,见图4:图4上弦截面设λ=60,查轴心受压稳定系数表=0.807需要截面积*A=fN.=3749.291042190.8072152mm需要回转半径ix=150825.160oxlmm钢结构设计九江学院5需要回转半径yi=301650.360oylmm根据需要的*A,xi,yi查角钢型钢表,初选2L140×90×10,A=44602mm,xi=2.54cm,yi=6.81cm。按所选角钢进行验算:150.858.92.56oxxxli][=150301.644.56.77oyyyli][=150由于1b/t=140/10=140.56×270/140=10.7则)7.521(7.3412201btltbyyz=22414301.613.71152.714=54.1<「λ」=150由于λx>λyz>λy,只需求出xmin查轴心稳定系数表x=0.813322749.2910206.62150.8134460xNNmmNmmA所选截面合适。2.下弦杆整个下弦杆采用同一截面,按最大内力计算N=735.15KN。计算长度:屋架平面内取节点间轴线长度lox=6000mm。屋架平面外根据支撑布置,取loy=11850mm。计算需要净截面面积*A=fN.=3735.15103419.32152mm选用2L140×90×8(短肢相并),见图5:钢结构设计九江学院6A=36602mm,xi=2.59cm,yi=6.73cm。按所选角钢进行验算:取nA=A(若螺栓孔中心至节点板边缘距离大于100mm,则不计截面削弱影响)322735.1510204.22153600nNNmmNmmA600231.72502.59oxxxli1185176.13506.73oyyyli3.再分腹杆beC12292.95,326.07ebCeNNkNNNkN,13772lmm计算长度:屋架平面内取节点间轴线长度lox=0.80.818861508.8lmm屋架平面外根据支撑布置取112292.950.750.2537720.750.253583326.07oyNllmmN选用2L908见图6:图6再分腹beCA=27882mm,xi=2.76cm,yi=4.09cm150.8854.71502.76oxxxli钢结构设计九江学院7358.387.61504.09oyyyli由于b/t=9/0.8=11.250.58358.3923.14422220.4750.4759187.6190.9358.30.8yzyoybltxmin=0.614322326.0710190.52150.6142788xNNmmNmmA所选截面合适。填板放两块,75.540402.76110.4axlcmicmcm4.中竖杆Ic已知:N=5449KN00.90.932002880llmm中竖杆选用2L70×5的角钢,并采用十字形截面,见图7:图7中竖杆Ic201376,2.16288133.31502.16xoxxxAmmicmli满足要求。填板放五块,57.640402.1686.4axlcmicmcm其余各杆截面选择过程不一一列出,计算结果见表二:钢结构设计九江学院8表2计算长度截面积回转半径计算填板杆件名称内力设计值N(KN)(cm)选用截面A(cm)应力块上弦杆AI-749.29150.8301.6短肢相并44.62.566.7758.91500.813174.622L140×90×10下弦杆ac735.156001185短肢相并362.596.73231.7350/204.262L140×90×8Aa-23.47201.5201.5T型截面9.61.532.45131.71500.38-64.422L50×5da-532.8154.6367T型截面38.523.054.5281.21500.68-203.52Dc-489.872L100×10be292.95150.88388.3T型截面27.882.764.0990.91500.614190.52Ce326.072L90×8bf-126.66166.9313.7T型截面18.82.473.6590.61500.584-115.42Gf-90.372L80×6cg-60.29166.9416.4T型截面9.62.473.65117.71500.451-71.12Gg-41.982L80×6Ad36.5163.7163.7T型截面9.61.532.451071500.51174.412L50×5Bd-45.1995.495.4T型截面9.61.532.4562.41500.794-59.312L50×5De-45.19117117T型截面9.61.532.4576.51500.711-66.322L50×5Ee36.24208.6208.6T型截面9.61.532.451361500.361104.622L50×5Ef32.85189189T型截面9.61.532.45123.51500.41981.812L50×5Ff-45.19117117T型截面9.61.532.4576.51500.711-66.322L50×5Hg-45.19144144T型截面9.61.532.4594.11500.594-79.222L50×5Ig32.54230.5230.5T型截面13.742.163.24106.71500.51346.222L70×5Ic54.49288288T型截面13.742.163.24133.31500.373106.322L70×5钢结构设计九江学院9六节点设计用E43焊条时,角焊缝的抗拉,抗压和抗剪强度设计值2/160mmNfwf各杆件内力由表二查得,最小焊缝长度不应小于8fh和40mm。1.下弦
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