2013高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解之词义猜测题

阅读理解之词义猜测题阅读中有生词是难免的，而利用文章所提供的语境去推测生词的意义是阅读的必备技能之一。词义猜测题是高考必考的题型，一般占阅读理解总题量的10%左右。所猜词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。常见的命题方式：Thephrase“...”couldbereplacedby________.Theword“...”intheparagraphrefersto________.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordintheparagraph？/Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase“...”？Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“...”？词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：(1)利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。(2)利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易。(3)利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词或短语表达出来，如but,or,however,so,because等。(4)利用构词法知识答题。熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的意思，不仅可以扩大词汇量，而且帮助我们猜测词义。(2011·浙江高考，A篇)OneeveninginFebruary2007,astudentnamedPaulaCeelybroughthercartoastoponaremoteroadinWales.Shegotouttoopenametalgatethatblockedherpath.That'swhensheheardthewhistlesoundedbythedriverofatrain.HerRenaultCliowasparkedacrossarailwayline.Secondslater,shewatchedthetraindraghercaralmostakilometredowntherailwaytracks.Ceely'smadethenewsbecausesheblameditonherGPSdevice(导航仪).Shehadneverdriventheroutebefore.Itwasdarkandrainingheavily.CeelywasrelyingonherGPS,butitmadenomentionofthecrossing.“Iputmycompletetrustinthedeviceanditledmerightintothepathofaspeedingtrain，”shetoldtheBBC.nearmissWhoistoblamehere?RickStevenson,whotellsCeely'sstoryinhisbookWhenMachinesFailUs,pointsthefingeratthelimitationsoftechnology.Weputourfaithindigitaldevices,hesays,butourdigitalhelpersaretoooftennotuptothejob.Theyarefilledwithsmallproblems.Andit'snotjustGPSdevices:Stevensontakesusonatourofdigitaldisastersinvolvingeverythingfrommobilephonestowirelesskeyboards.Theproblemwithhisargumentinthebookisthatit'snotclearwhyheonlyfocusesondigitaltechnology,whiletheremaybeanumberofotherpossiblecauses.Amap-makermighthaveleftthecrossingoffapapermap.MaybeweshouldblameCeelyfornotpayingattention.Perhapstherailwayauthoritiesareatfaultforpoorsignallingsystem.OrmaybesomeonehasstudiedtherelativedangersandworkedoutthattherereallyissomethingspecificwrongwiththeGPSequipment.ButStevensondoesn'tsay.It'saproblemthatrunsthroughthebook.Inasectiononcars,Stevensongivesanaccountoftheadvancedtechniquesthatcriminalsusetodefeatcomputerbasedlockingsystemsforcars.Heofferstwoindependentsetsoffiguresoncartheft;bothshowasmallriseinsomepartsofthecountry.Hesaysthatonceagainnotallnewlockshaveprovedreliable.Perhaps,butmaybeit'salsoduetotheshortageofpolicemenonthestreets.Orchangingsocialcircumstances.Orsomecombinationofthesefactors.Thegamebetweenhumansandtheirsmartdevicesisamusingandcomplex.Itisshapedbyeconomicsandpsychologyandthecultureswelivein.Somewhereinthemixofthoseforcestheremaybeawayforawiseruseoftechnology.Ifthereissuchaway,itshouldinvolvemorethanjustanawarenessoftheshortcomingsofourmachines.Afterall,wehavelivedwiththemforthousandsofyears.Theyhaveprobablybeenfoolingusforjustaslong.语篇解读：随着时代的发展，科技越来越先进，人类也越来越依赖科技，但有时候科技也会给人们带来麻烦，文章中作者将会告诉我们什么呢？让我们去了解一下吧！41．WhatdidPaulaCeelythinkwasthecauseofheraccident？()A．Shewasnotfamiliarwiththeroad.B．Itwasdarkandrainingheavilythen.C．Therailwayworkersfailedtogivethesignal.D．HerGPSdevicedidn'ttellheraboutthecrossing.提示：推理判断题。利用要诀3跳读查找法与要诀5中的排除法相结合。解析：从文章第二段sheblameditonherGPSdevice;CeelywasrelyingonherGPS,butitmadenomentionofthecrossing.“I...train，”shetoldtheBBC.可以看出，Ceely怪罪的是这个导航仪没有给她提示出这个铁路道口的存在。答案：D42．Thephrase“nearmiss”(Paragraph2)canbestbereplacedby________.A．closehitB．heavylossC．narrowescapeD．bigmistake提示：词义猜测题。利用要诀8中的上下文暗示法。解析：由上下文暗示可知，nearmiss是对第一段撞车事故的概括，相当于narrowescape，表示“幸免于难”的意思。答案：C43．WhichofthefollowingwouldRickStevensonmostprobablyagreewith？()A．Moderntechnologyiswhatwecan'tlivewithout.B．Digitaltechnologyoftenfallsshortofourexpectation.C．Digitaldevicesaremorereliablethantheyusedtobe.D．GPSerrorisnottheonlycauseforCeely'saccident.提示：细节理解题。利用要诀5正选法与排除法。解析：从文章第三段可以看出，RickStevenson表明“技术是有局限性的”，数字技术不一定能满足人们的所有愿望。答案：B44．Inthewriter'sopinion,Stevenson'sargumentis________.A．onesidedB．reasonableC．puzzlingD．wellbased提示：细节理解题。利用要诀7情感词汇推断法。答案：A解析：从第四段“Theproblemwithhisargumentinthebookisthatit'snotclearwhyheonlyfocusesondigitaltechnology,whiletheremaybeanumberofotherpossiblecauses.”可以看出，作者指出RickStevenson的观点是片面的。45．Whatistherealconcernofthewriterofthisarticle？()A．Themajorcausesoftrafficaccidentsandcarthefts.B．Therelationshipbetweenhumansandtechnology.C．Theshortcomingsofdigitaldevicesweuse.D．Thehumanunawarenessoftechnicalproblems.提示：主旨大意题。利用要诀6演绎推理法和归纳推理法。解析：从第六段“Thegamebetweenhumansandtheirsmartdevicesisamusingandcomplex.Itisshapedbyeconomicsandpsychologyandthecultureswelivein.Somewhereinthemixofthoseforcestheremaybeawayforawiseruseoftechnology.”可以推断出，作者最关心的是科技与人类的关系，故B项正确。答案：B