必修3-unit5同位语从句

第1页共8页同位语从句【教学内容】同位语从句【教学目标】熟练掌握同位语从句【教学重难点】引导词的使用、同位语从句与定语从句的区别【教学过程】*什么是同位语从句：同位语从句是名词性从句中的一种，是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句，它所修饰的词称为先行词。同位语从句在主句中的作用等同于先行词的作用。Eg:Thenewsthatwe’llgoonapicnicthisSundayisn’ttrue.这个星期天我们要去野餐的消息不是真的。析：Thefact就等于we’llgoonapicnic,是对thefact的解释说明。▼同位语从句常修饰的名词不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句，可以被同位语从句修饰的多是含有抽象意义的名词。常用的有：●advice建议●belief信念、相信●doubt怀疑●explanation解释●fear害怕●fact事实●hope希望●idea想法、主意●news消息●order命令●opinion观点●possibility可能性●promise答应、诺言●problem问题●question问题●report报道●reply答复●statement论断●suggestion建议●thought想法●truth事实●wish愿望●warning警告●word消息*同位语从句的连接词的使用►由that引导Eg:①Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我们听到我们队赢了。②Theywereworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.他们为你生病发愁。③Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.明天放假的消息不实。►在某些名词，例如suggestion,advice,request,order,demand,requirement等意为“建议，命令，要求”的名词后，同位语从句的谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中should可以省略。Eg:①Thesuggestionthatthenewrule(should)beadoptedcamefromtheChairman.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。②Theyexpressedthewishthatshe(should)accepttheaward.他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。第2页共8页►由whether引导的同位语从句Eg:①Answermyquestionwhetherhewillcome.你回答我的问题：你来不来。②Thequestionwhetheritisrightorwrongdependontheresult.这个是对还是错要看结果。【注意】*whether可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。*名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；nodoubt“不怀疑”后的同位语从句用that连接。如：●Wehavesomedoubtwhethertheycancompletethetaskontime.我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。●ThereisnodoubtthatLiWeiwillkeephispromise.毫无疑问，李伟会信守承诺的。►由连接代词what,which,who,whom引导的同位语从句Eg:①Haveyouanyideawhattimeitstarts?你知道什么时候开始吗？②Thequestionwhoshouldtheworkrequiresconsideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。③Ihavenoideawhomtheyaretalkingabout.我不知道他们在谈论谁。④Idon’tknowthequestionwhichpenismine.我不知道哪支笔是我的。►由连接副词when,where,why,how引导的同位语从句Eg:①Ihavenoideawhenhewillcome.我不知道他什么时候回来。②Itisaquestionhowhedidit.问题是他怎么去做。③Hehadnoideawhysheleft.他不知道她为什么离开。④Idon’tknowthequestionwheretheconcertwillbeheld.我不知道音乐会在哪里举行。【随即随练】一、用适当的连接词填空1.Buttheyforgetthefactthattheywerenotexperienced.2.Ihavenoideawhatisgoingonthedayaftertomorrow.3.Thequestionwhen/why/how/whethertheywillcomebackisveryimportant.4.Thepossibilitythatthemajorityofthelabourforcewillworkathomeisatrend.5.Sheaskedmeaquestionwhetherwewillgoswimmingornot.6.Idohopeyoucankeepyourpromisethatyouwillneverbelateagain.7.Sheaskedmeaquestionwherethemeetingwillbeheld.8.Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.9.Thefactthatthetransportofthegoodscoststoomuchwasnotdiscussed.10.Heputforwardthequestionwhentheywillbeback.第3页共8页11.Idon’tknowthequestionwhichbagisyours.12.Ihavenoideawhocanfinishthework.13.Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.►同位语从句与定语从句的区别*定语从句和同位语从句都是用来修饰名词的，因此也很容易混淆，以下从几个方面进行分析其区别：从意义上来看：同位语从句相当于名词，对先行词的内容进行解释、补充说明；而定语从句相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用。Eg:→①Iwon’tbelievethefactthatheliedtohismother.我不愿相信他对他母亲撒谎的事实。（that引导的同位语从句，从句对fact的内容进行说明）→②Iwon’tbelievethefact(that)hetoldme.我不愿相信他告诉我的事实。（that引导定语从句，并在从句中作谓语动词的宾语，从句对fact进行限定）从引导词来看：引导词that在同位语从句中是连词，只起连接作用，无具体词义，that不可省略；that在定语从句中是关系代词，它在从句中充当一定成分---主语或宾语，有具体词义，作宾语时还可以省略。Eg:→①Thefactory(that)wevisitedyesterdayisachemicalone.昨天我们参观的是一家化工厂。（that引导的定语从句，并在从句中作宾语）→②ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.他将要去上海的消息是真的。（that引导的同位语从句，that只起连接从句的作用）同位语从句所修饰的名词数量有限，往往是含有某种信息的词，如message,news,fact,hope,desire,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,question,order等，而定语从句修饰的先行词无此限制。when,where,why引导的定语从句与同位语从句的区别When,where,why引导定语从句时，分别指前面先行词所表示的时间、地点、原因，在从句中作状语，而同位语从句中when,where,why等在从句中有疑问意义而且前面的名词不是表示时间、地点、原因的。Eg:→①IwillrememberthetimewhenIwontheprizeintheNationalMathsCompetitionforever.我将永远记着我在全国数学竞赛中获奖的那一刻。（定语从句）IhavenoideawhenhewontheprizeintheNationalMathsCompetition.我不知道他是什么时候在全国数学竞赛中获奖的。（同位语从句）→②Thequestionwhereweshouldgohasnotbeendiscussed.我们应当去哪里的问题还没有讨论。（同位语从句）ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.这是两年前我们住的那个房子。（定语从句）第4页共8页→③Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslate?你知道他为什么迟到了吗？（定语从句）Ihavenoideawhyithappened.我不知道它为什么会发生。（同位语从句)→④YouhavenoideahowworriedIwas.你不知道我是多么的担心。（同位语从句）*关系词what,how,whether只能引导同位语从句，而不能引导定语从句。判断定语从句和同位语从句的方法凡是同位语从句，改为Thefact/news/idea/order/truth/thoughtis/was……结构时，从语法及语意上都讲的通，而定语从句则不可。Eg:①Thenewsthatourteamwonthegameexcitedusall.(that引导的同位语从句）→Thenewswasthatourteamwonthegameexcitedusall..②Thenewsthattheradiobroadcastthismorningisnottrueatall..(that引导的定语从句）→Thenewswasthattheradiobroadcastthismorningisnottrueatall.(误）【牛刀小试】判断并分析下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句1.ThenewsthathetoldmewasthatChineseMen’sFootballTeamhadlostagain.(定语从句）2.ThenewsthatChineseMen’sFootballTeamhadlostagainwasnotsurprising.(同位语从句）3.IheardthenewsthattheGermanflightcrashed.(同位语从句）4.ThisisthefactorywhereIlivedtwoyearsago.(定语从句）5.Sheputforwardaquestionwhyhewaslate.(同位语从句）6.Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.(同位语从句）【随堂检测】一、填入适当的连接词1.Givemeyourpromisethatyouwillcometoourpartythisevening.2.WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?3.Thenewsthat/whichhetoldmeyesterdayistrue.4.Sheraisedthequestionwhere/when/whetherwecouldgetthefund.5.Ihavenoideawhy/whenshequittedherpresentjob.6.Thenewsthat/whichIgotfromyouistrue.7.Doyouhaveanyideawhatisactuallygoingonintheclassroom?8.Thisisthegirlwhom/who/thatImetinthestreet..9.Thequestioncameupatthemeetingwhetherwehadenoughmoneyforourresearch