初中英语语法―非谓语动词

1.Theoldmenenjoy______________(listen)tothesingingofthebirdsinthepark.2.Mysisterisinterestedin____inherfreetime.A.watchTVB.readingbooksC.listeningmusicD.playsbasketball3.Letme_____(help)you____(water)theflowers.4.Isawhim_______intothesmallstore.A.wentB.goingC.togoD.hasgone5.Heisgoodat______.A.singingB.singC.singsD.tosinglisteningBBhelpwaterA非谓语动词1.谓语动词与非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词，叫做谓语动词；在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动词，叫做非谓语动词。Weshouldservethepeopleheartandsoul.Iamreadinganovel.ShefoundEnglishhardtolearn.Seeingisbelieving.Pleasestopspeaking.（谓语）（谓语）（状语）（主语和表语）（宾语）2.非谓语动词的特点1)不能单独做谓语，但可和助动词或情态动词组成谓语。Yououghttohavebeenhereyesterday.2)具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语或状语。ThePartycalledonustoservethepeople.Thestudentsranoutoftheclassroom,laughinghappily.非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式：to+动词原形动名词：动词原形+ing分词（现在分词和过去分词）动词+doing介词+doingdoing只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀：喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习错过建议保持介意值得考虑喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事spend...doingsth.花费…做某事bebusydoingsth.忙于做…imaginesb.doingsth.想象…做某事can'thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事feellikedoingsth.想要做某事finishdoingsth.完成做某事practicedoingsth.练习做某事missdoingsth.错过做某事suggestdoingsth.建议做某事keep(on)doingsth.保持（继续）做某事minddoingsth.介意做某事beworthdoingsth.值得做某事considerdoingsth.考虑做某事错过建议保持介意值得考虑begoodatdoingsth擅长做某事beinterestedindoingsth.对做某事感兴趣beusedfordoingsth.被用来做某事thanksb.fordoingsth.谢谢某人做某事betiredofdoingsth.厌烦做某事beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事介词+doingputoffdoing推迟做某事stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事withoutdoingsth.没有做某事thinkaboutdoingsth.考虑做某事What∕Howaboutdoing做某事怎么样?此to非彼tolookforwardtodoingsth.（盼望）payattentiontodoingsth.（注意）beusedtodoingsth.（习惯于）preferdoingsthtodoingsth.（更喜欢）devotetodoingsth（致力于）makeacontributiontodoing（做贡献）小试牛刀1.Nowmoreandmorepeoplearebusy____abouttheInternet.A.learnB.tolearnC.learningD.learned2.-It'stoohot.Wouldyoumind_____thedoor?-______.Pleasedoit.A.toopen;OKB.opening;CertainlynotC.opening;OfcourseD.toopen;Goodidea3.Nomatterhowharditis,we'llkeep_____untilwemakeit.A.failedB.failingC.triedD.tryingCBD4.-Areyouenjoying_____inNingbo?-Yes,weare.Verymuch.A.toliveB.livingC.livesD.lived5．Wecouldn’thelp_____(laugh)afterweheardthefunnystoryA.tolaughB.laughingC.laughsD.laughedBB肯定式:todo否定式:nottodo省略to的:do动词不定式基本形式：to+动词原形（在某些情况下可以不带to）特点：A.没有人称和数的变化C.有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式为tobe+动词过去分词）B.可以有自己的宾语和状语动词不定式用法A、作主语，如:Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.=It’snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.注意1：不定式短语作主语如果太长，常用it作形式主语，将不定式后置。注意2:不定式的逻辑主语：不定式不能单独做谓语，因此没有语法上的主语，但可以有意义上的逻辑主语。IpromisedTomtoplaywithhim.Iaskedhimtoplaywithme.（toplay的逻辑主语是I）（toplay的逻辑主语是him）注意3:同一句型中不同介词的不同含义Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（for引出动作发出者）（of引出adj修饰的对象）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.注意：常用在of句型中的adj有：kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,foolish,careless,stupid,naughty(淘气的),polite,impolite,silly,brave,honest,noble，right,rude等＝Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.＝youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.B、作表语，如Theimportantthingistofinishtheworkontime.作宾语C、动词+todo动词+疑问词+todo动词+it(形式宾语）+宾补+todo常见动词有agree,decide,fail,hope,wish,want,plan等Idon’tknowwhattodo.IfinditimportanttolearnEnglish.只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事decidetodosth.决定做某事want∕wouldliketodosth.想做某事plantodosth.计划做某needtodosth.需要做某事agreetodosth.同意做某事affordtodo能做某事beusedtodo被用来做迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事can’twaittodo迫不及待地要做某事makeupone’smindtodo下决心做某事usedtodo过去常常做某事failtodo未能做某事D、动词不定式作宾语补足语作宾补动词+宾语+todo动词+宾语+doLiMeiaskedmetoshowherthenewdictionary.注：有以上结构的常用动词有tell.wish,ask,want,like,beg,invite,warn,allow,encourage,advise等。(不带to的不定式)注：常用的动词是：感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice；使役动词have,make,let.接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：请求与命令想要邀请期待鼓励与建议答应告诫允许提醒和帮助请求与命令asksb.todosth.请求某人做某事tellsb.todosth.命令某人做某事想要邀请期待鼓励与建议wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事expectsb.todosth.期待某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事答应告诫允许提醒和帮助promisesb.todo答应某人做某事warnsb.nottodosth.告诫某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事E、作状语：可以表目的、表结果、表原因F、作定语：（必须后置）Icameheretoseeyou．Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim，youwouldlikehim．(目的)(原因)(结果)(条件)Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.注意：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。Heislookingforaroomtolivein．Thereisnothingtoworryabout．Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith．G、不定式与疑问词who，which，when，where,how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语表语、宾语等。Hedidn'tknowwhattosay.Myquestioniswhentostart．Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant(宾语)(表语)（主语）注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Whynothavearest?1、在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时，不定式可省略to,但以上词变为被动语态时，要加上to,Ialwayssawherplayviolin.Hewasmadetowork12hoursaday.动词不定式省略to的情况:使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让四看：feel/hear,listento/let,make,have,/lookat,see,watch,noticehadbetter（not）dosth.最好(不)做…whynot/whydon’tyoudosth为什么不做…?helpsb.（to）dosth帮助某人做…Wouldrather（not）dosth.宁愿(不)做…wouldyouplease（not）dosth.请你(不)要做…情态动词+do助动词+do感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,feel+do表示动作的完整性，+doing表示动作的进行性。注意：被动语态中不能省去to。区分下列词组:seesb.doing/dosth.hearsb.doing/dosth.w