演讲的四个目标

演讲的四个目标提供信息Toofferinformation;使听众感到乐趣Toentertaintheaudience;动之以情Totouchemotions;使听众行动起来Tomovetoaction;演讲切忌1.语速太快;Talkingtoorapidly;2.声音单调；Speakinginmonotone;3.声音尖细；Usingtoohighavocalpitch;4.谈得太多，说得太少；Talkingandnotsayingmuch;5.感情不充分；Presentingwithoutenoughemotionorpassion;6.对观众采取一种居高临下的姿态;Talkingdowntotheaudience;7.夸张的词语使用得太多；Usingtoomanybigwords;8.使用抽象概念而不给出事例加以说明；Usingabstractionswithoutgivingconcreteexamples9.使用别人不熟悉的技术术语；Usingunfamiliartechnicaljargon;10.使用俚语或粗俗语；Usingslangorprofanity;11.演讲无组织，散乱无序；Disorganizedandramblingperformance;12.说话绕弯子，不切中主题Indirectcommunicationi.e.beatingaroundthebush；怎样与听众交流要有值得交流的观点；Amessageworthcommunicating;引起听众的注意：抓住他们的兴趣并赢得信任；Gainthelisteners'attention:capturetheirinterestandbuildtheirtrust;重视理解；Emphasizeunderstanding;获得反馈；Obtaintheirfeedback;注意声调，要有感情；Watchyouremotionaltone;说服听众；Persuadetheaudience;怎样变得自信微笑并看着观众Smileandglanceattheaudience；开始发言时要慢一点，身体保持昂首挺胸的姿态Startveryslowly,withyourshouldersbackandyourchinup;开场白说一些真诚话Openyourspeechbysayingsomethingveryfrankly;穿上自己最好的衣服Wearyourverybestclothes;对自己说一些积极的话Saysomethingpositiveto/aboutyourself怎样组织演讲要有一个结构：可以分一二三点；可以从地理上分东南西北；比较与对比；我方与他方；正面与反面；Tohaveastructure:suchasfirst,second,third;geographically,north,south,east,west;compareandcontrasts;oursideversustheirside;negativeandpositive;将材料归类整理，如笑话、趣事、名人名言、有趣的数据Tolabelthematerialssuchasjokes,funnyanecdotes,favoritesayings,interestingstatistics;使用卡片；Tousenotecards;怎样使用卡片在卡片的右上角标上数字；Numberyourcardsonthetopright;在第一张和最后一张上写上完整的句子；Writeacompletesentenceonbothyourfirstandlastcard;其他卡片上最多只能写五个关键词；Writeuptofivekeywordsonothercards;用颜色来标记你想强调的词；Usecolortomarkthewordsyouwanttoemphasize;在某一处提醒自己查看时间。Remindyourselfataparticularsporttocheckthetime.演讲指南预先计划好Planwellinadvance.保证自己充分了解在活动中的角色Makesureyoufullyunderstandyourroleintheprogram.认真地构思演讲，使其结构符合逻辑Devotecaretostructuringyourspeechlogically.认真设定适当的基调Devotecaretosettingthepropertone.如何开头讲个（自己的）故事Totellastory(aboutyourself).对大家能够聚在一起表示感谢Toacknowledgetheoccasionofthegathering.称赞一下听众Topaythelistenersacompliment.引用名人名言Toquote使用一些不平常的数据Touseunusualstatistics.问观众一个挑战性的问题Toasktheaudienceachallengingquestion；播放录像带或看幻灯片Toshowavideooraslide.如何结尾重复你的开头Torepeatyouropening.概括你的演讲Tosummarizeyourpresentation.以趣事结尾Toclosewithananecdote.以号召行动结尾Toendwithacalltoaction.以反问结尾Toaskarhetoricalquestion.以一个陈述句结尾Tomakeastatement.展示演讲大纲Toshowanoutlineofyourpresentation.眼神交流眼睛慢慢地从一个移动到另一个人，在每一个人身上停留两到三秒钟时间；Moveyoureyesslowlyfrompersontoperson,andpausetwoorthreesecondswitheachlistener;眼睛直视听众，或看着他们的鼻梁或下巴Lookatpeoplestraightorlookatthebridgeoftheirnosesorchins;找到那些看起来比较友善的听众，逐次朝他们微笑；然后目标转向那些有些怀疑的听众，也逐渐朝他们微笑；Lookforthefriendlierfacesandsmileatthemonebyone,thenmoveontothemoreskepticalmembersandsmileatthemonebyonealso;如果你感到紧张，不妨想象听众都穿着浴衣的样子。Imaginetheaudienceinbathrobesincaseyouarenervous.紧张的典型特征手放在口袋里Handsinpockets眨眼次数过多Increasedblinkingoftheeyes；害怕眼神的接触Failuretomakeeyecontact；舔嘴唇和抿嘴唇Lickingandbitingofthelips；敲叩手指Fingertapping；手势又急又快Fast,jerkygestures如何使用手势手可以指点着假想的物体，不要用食指指着别人；Pointatimaginaryobjectsanddon'tpointatotherswithyourindexfinger;尺寸的大小和数量的多少也可以通过两手的扩张和收缩来演示Sizeorquantitycanalsoeasilybeshownbyexpandingorcontractingthehands;手抬起并与头成四十五度角，优雅地用手势表示出数字Gracefullyshowyouraudiencetheappropriatenumberoffingersbyholdingyourhandsata45degreeanglefromyourhead;如果想要强调长度尺寸的大小，将两手伸向前方，尽量分开，并上下移动。Toemphasizephysicalsizesuchaslength,width,holdyourhandsoutinfrontyouwidelyaparttomovethemupanddown.