词汇学期末复习题及答案

1SupplementaryExercisesforME.Lexicology1PartIMultiplechoices.1.Thedefinitionofawordincludes___________.A.aminimalfreeformthatcanfunctionaloneB.aunitofmeaningC.asoundunityD.alloftheabove2.Awordis_______ofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.A.aminimalfreeformB.asmallestmeaningfulunitC.anelementwhichcannotbefurtheranalyzedD.agrammaticallyminimalform3.TheIndo-Europeanlanguagefamilyconsistof________.A.allthelanguagesinEuropeandIndiaB.allthelanguagesinIndiaandsomelanguagesinEurope.C.mostofthelanguagesofEurope,theNearEast,andIndia.D.SomeofthelanguagesofEuropeandallthelanguagesoftheNearEast4.Thesymbolicconnectionofawordtoaparticularthingisalmostalways______.A.logicalB.arbitraryC.inherentD.automatic5.TheprehistoricIndo-Europeanparentlanguageisthoughttobe______.A.Ahighlyinflectedlanguage.B.Ahighlydevelopedlanguage.C.Averydifficultlanguage.D.Alanguageofleveledendings.6.Morethanonevariant,whichcanrealizesomemorphemesaccordingtothepositioninaword,aretermed.A.phonemesB.allomorphsC.morphsD.phones7.Affixesattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsareknownas.A.morphemesB.derivationalmorphemesC.inflectionalmorphemesD.suffixes8.isdefinedastheformationofwordsbyaddingword-formingorderivationalaffixestostem.Thisprocessisalsoknownas.A.derivation,affixationB.affixation,derivationC.derivative,affixationD.affixation,derivative9.Sometimes,themeaningofacompoundcanbeinferredfromitsseparateelements,forexample,.A.hotdogB.redmeatC.flowerpotD.fathead10.isuniversaltoallmenalikeregardlessofculture,race,languageandsoonwhilebelongstolanguage,soisrestrictedtolanguageuse.A.meaning,conceptB.concept,meaningC.sense,referenceD.reference,sense11.Whenreaderscomeacrosstheword“home”inreading,theymayberemindedoftheirfamily,friends,warmth,safety,love.Thatisbecauseofthe“home”has_______.A.collocationsB.connotationsC.denotationsD.perorations12.Whichofthefollowingbelongstoasemanticfield?A.steed,charger,palfrey,plug,nagB.pony,mustang,mule,stud,mareC.policeman,constable,bobby,copD.domicile,residence,abode,home13.Whichgroupofthefollowingareperfecthomonyms?2A.dear(alovedperson)—deer(akindofanimal)B.bow(bendingtheheadasagreeting)—bow(thedeviceusedforshooting)C.bank(theedgeoftheriver)—bank(anestablishmentformoneybusiness)D.right(correct)—write(putdownonpaperwithapen)14.Thepartofapieceofwritingorspeechwhichsurroundsawordandhelpstoexplainitsmeaningiscalled_______.A.LinguisticcontextB.GrammaticalcontextC.Extra-linguisticcontextD.Para-linguisticcontext15.meansthroughalldifficultiesandtroubles.A.throughhighandlowB.throughthickandthinC.fromheadtofootD.fromstarttofinishPartIITrueorfalsequestions.1.Aruleofword-formationisusuallyidenticalwithasyntacticrule.2.Word-formationrulesthemselvesarenotfixedbutundergochangestoacertainextent.3.Affixeslike“-th”areveryproductiveincurrentEnglish.4.Thechieffunctionofprefixesistochangethewordclassofthestems.5.Theprimaryfunctionofsuffixesistochangethemeaningofthestem.6.Compoundsarewordsformedbycombiningaffixesandstems.7.“-age,-al,-ance,-ation,-ence”in“linkage,dismissal,attendance,protection,existence”canproducelargelyconcretenounsbybeingaddedtoverbstems.8.Themeaningofacompoundisusuallythecombinationofstems.9.Thefreephrasehastheprimarystressonthefirstelementandthesecondarystress,ifany,onthesecond.10.Inbothcompoundsandfreephrasestheadjectiveelementcantakeinflectionalsuffixes.11.Conversionisonlyachangeofgrammaticalfunctionofalexicalitemwithnolossofitsdifferentrangeofmeaningoriginallyconveyed.12.Afullyconvertednounfromanadjectivehasallthefeaturesofnounsexcepttakinganindefinitearticleor,-(e)stoindicatesingularorpluralnumber.13.Generally,conjunctions,modals,finiteverbs,prepositionscan’tbeconvertedtonouns.14.AlthoughblendsandbackformedwordshavealreadyachievedpopularityinEnglish,theyarenotadvisabletobeusedfrequentlyinformalwriting.15.Quiteanumberofderivationalaffixeshavemorethanonemeaning.16.SimplewordsinEnglishareusuallynon-motivated.17.Lexicalmeaningisdominantincontentwords.18.Componentialanalysishasnodisadvantages.19.Polysemicandhomonymouswordsarestylisticallyusefultoachievinghumororirony,ortoheightendramaticeffect.20.Inmostcases,thenativetermismoreliterarythantheforeignone.PartIIICompletethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.1.Morphemesareabstract______units,whicharerealizedinspeechbydiscreteunitsknownasmorph_______.Themorphemeistothemorphwhataphoneme_____istoaphone.Somemorphemesarerealizedbymorethanonemorph.3Suchalternativemorphsareknownasallomorphs___________.2.Awordisaminimalfree_______formofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.3.Functionalwordsdonothavenotionsoftheirown.Therefore,theyarealsocalled_empty_____words.4.Accordingtosemantics,awordisaunitofmeaning.5.Boundmorphemesincludeboundrootsandaffixes.6.Themostproductivemeansofwordformationareaffixation,compoundingandconversion.7.Onlywhenaconnectionhasbeen,establishedbetweenthelinguisticsignandareferent,doesthesignbecomemeaningful.8.Mostmorphemesarerealizedbysinglewordslikebird,tree,green,etc,Words