上海高考英语完型填空历年真题

1上海高考英语完型填空历年真题2011Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.launchedB.unpleasantC.applyingD.technicallyE.impactF.coatingG.fixedH.miraculouslyI.superiorJ.advancesHowwouldyouliketowearthesameunderwear(内衣裤)forweeks?Owingtotheworkthathasgoneintodevelopingintelligentmaterials,thismaynotbeas41asitsounds.Self-cleaningclotheshavenowbeencreated,andthesenewmaterialsprovide42resistancetodirtaswellaswater.Asaresult,theyrequiremuchlesscleaningthantraditionalmaterials.Thecreationofself-cleaningclothesprovidesanexampleofhownaturehelpsscientistsdevelopbetterproducts.Thisself-cleaningnatureisknownasthe“lotuseffect”.Thenamecomes,ofcourse,fromthelotusleaves,whicharefamousforgrowinginmuddylakesandriverswhileremainingalmost43clean.Byobservingnature,scientistsare44thequalitiesofthelotusleavestothematerialstheyhaveengineered.Becauseofthis,someremarkablenewproductshavebeen45.Amongthemarespecialwindowsthatareresistanttodirtandwater.Aspecial46onthesewindowsnotonlypreventsdirtfromstickingtotheirsurfaces,butalsoallowsdusttobeeasilywashedoffbytherain.Infact,thesenewwindowshavealreadybeen47tosomecars.Evenwhentravelingathighspeedthroughrain,thesecarsneverhavetousetheirwindshieldwipers(雨刮器).Althoughwehavealreadyseensomepracticalapplications,evenmoredramatic48willbemadeinthefuture,andtheywill,perhaps,changeourworldcompletely.Undoubtedly,technologyisanimportantdevelopment,anditwillhaveanevenbigger49onourlives.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Everyoneinbusinesshasbeentoldthatsuccessisallaboutattractingandretaining(留住)customers.Itsoundssimpleandachievable.But,50,wordsofwisdomaresoonforgotten.Oncecompanieshaveattractedcustomerstheyoften51thesecondhalfofthestory.Intheexcitementofbeatingoffthecompetition,negotiatingprices,securingorders,anddeliveringtheproduct,managerstendtobecomecarriedaway.Theyforgetwhattheyregardastheboringsideofbusiness—52thatthecustomerremainsacustomer.53toconcentrateonretainingaswellasattractingcustomerscostsbusinesshugeamountsofmoneyannually.Ithasbeenestimatedthattheaveragecompanylosesbetween10and30percentofitscustomerseveryyears.Inconstantlychanging54,thisisnotsurprising.Whatissurprisingisthefactthatfewcompanieshaveanyideahowmanycustomerstheyhavelost.Onlynowareorganizationsbeginningtowakeuptothoselostopportunitiesandcalculatethe55implications.Cuttingdownthenumberofcustomersacompanylosescanmakeabig56initsperformance.ResearchintheUSfoundthatafivepercentdecreaseinthenumberofdefecting(流失的)customersledto57increasesofbetween25and85percent.IntheUS,Domino’sPizzaestimatesthataregularcustomerisworthmorethan$5,000overtenyears.Acustomerwhoreceivesapoorqualityproductorserviceontheirfirstvisitand58neverreturns,islosingthecompanythousandsofdollarsin59profits(moreifyouconsiderhowmanypeopletheyarelikelytotellabouttheirbadexperience).Thelogicbehindcultivatingcustomer60isimpossibletodeny.“Inpracticemostcompanies’marketingeffortisfocusedongettingcustomers,withlittleattentionpaidto61them”,saysAdrianPayneofCornfieldUniversity’SchoolofManagement.“Researchsuggeststhatthereisaclose2relationshipbetweenretainingcustomersandmakingprofits.62customerstendtobuymore,arepredictableandusuallycostlesstoservicethannewcustomers.Furthermore,theytendtobelessprice63,andmayprovidefreeword-of-mouthadvertising.Retainingcustomersalsomakesit64forcompetitorstoenteramarketorincreasetheirshareofamarket.50.A.inparticularB.inrealityC.atleastD.firstofall51.A.emphasizeB.doubtC.overlookD.believe52.A.denyingB.ensuringC.arguingD.proving53.A.MovingB.HopingC.StartingD.Failing54.A.marketsB.tastesC.pricesD.expenses55.A.cultureB.socialC.financialD.economical56.A.promiseB.planC.mistakeD.difference57.A.costB.opportunityC.profitD.budget58.A.asaresultB.onthewholeC.inconclusionD.onthecontrary59.A.hugeB.potentialC.extraD.reasonable60.A.beliefsB.loyaltyC.habitsD.interest61.A.alteringB.understandingC.keepingD.attracting62.A.AssumedB.RespectedC.EstablishedD.Unexpected63.A.agreeableB.flexibleC.friendlyD.sensitive64.A.unfairB.difficultC.essentialD.convenient2010Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.additionalB.producingC.regularD.predictedE.identifiedEatmosphereG.matchedH.reducingI.carriedJ.increaseForestsinthenorthernhalfoftheglobecouldbegrowingfasternowthantheywere200yearsagoasaresultofclimatechange,accordingtoastudyoftreesineasternAmerica.Thetreesappeartohavefastergrowthratesduetolongergrowingseasonsandhigherconcentrations(浓度)ofcarbondioxideinthe___41___.GeoffreyParker,ascientistattheSmithsonianEnvironmentalResearchCentreinEdgewater.Maryland,saidthattheincreasehatherateofgrowthwasunexpectedandmightbe___42___tothehighertemperaturesandlongergrowingseasonsdocumentedintheregion.Thegrowthmayalsobeinfluencedbythesignificant___43___inatmosphericCO2,hesaid.Wemadealistofreasonsthesef