2010届高考英语构词法

高中英语语法之构词法PersonalInformationWherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。—ThomasEdisonWordFormation构词法合成法派生法缩略法概念：合成法指由两个或两个以上的单词合成新词。Ⅰ.合成法(Compounding)1.合成名词(Nouncompounds)⑴n.+n.=n.spaceshipclassroomgirlfriendmooncakepostmanchairmanhip-hop街舞⑵adj.+n.=n.blackboardwhiteboardgreenhousesuperstar⑶v-ing+n.=n.runningwaterdiningroomdrinkingwaterreadingroom⑷n.+v-ing=n.handwritinghorseriding2.合成形容词(Adjectivecompounds)warm-heartedcold-bloodedpart-timebroad-mindedman-madehandmadegood-looking3.合成介词(Prepositioncompounds)outsideinsidewithinwithout4.合成副词(Adverbcompounds)sometimesoverheaddownstairsnearby5.合成动词(Verbcompounds)underlinemoonwalkoverworkoverhearovercomechain-smokenicknamemass-produce6.合成代词(Pronouncompounds)-one-body-thingsome-someonesomebodysomethingany-anyoneanybodyanythingevery-everyoneeverybodyeverythingno-nonenobodynothingⅡ.派生法(Affixation)概念：派生法又叫词缀法，是给一个单词加上前缀或后缀而构成新的单词。1.前缀法（Prefixation）一般来说前缀不会改变一个词的词性。⑴否定前缀①un+adj.unhappyunknownunusualuntrueunimportantunableunkind②un+adv.unusuallyunexpectedlyunhappilyundoubtedly③un+v.uncoveruntieunlock④im+adj.impossibleimpoliteimpatient⑤in+adj.incorrectincompleteinvisible⑥ir+adj.irregularirreplaceable⑦mis+v.mistakemisunderstand⑧dis+v.dislikedisagreedisappear⑨dis+adj.dishonestdiscouraged泄气的⑵表示空间位置关系的前缀a-表示在……之上；处于……的状态ahead在头顶上abroadaside在外边fore-在……前面foreheadforearmin-,il-,im,向……内，在……内insideincludeimportout-向外outsideoutdoorsoutlook观点，见解over-在上面的，在外的overheadovercoatovercomepre-在……之前prewarprepayunder-在……之下undergroundunderlineup-向上upwardupstairstele-远telephonetelevision(3)表示时间序列关系的前缀fore-在前，预先forewordforetellforesightmid-中间midnightmidautumnmidsummerpost-在……之后postwarpostliberationre-重复retellrebuildreplacerewriteover-超过overeatoverpasssuper-极，超supermarketsupermansuperstar(4)一些表示特殊意义的前缀auto-自动automobileautobicyclemicro-微小microscopemicrocomputerbi-数量biweeklybimonthlymini-小型minibusminiskirtminimarketen-使……enrichenlargeenable2.后缀(Suffixation)概念：在词的词尾加上一个词缀构成新的单词。后缀往往会改变一个词的词性。⑴表示“……的人”的后缀①-er……的人v.+erreaderworkerreporterleaderwaiterdesignerpaintern.+ervillagerprisonerfarmeradj.+erwesternereasternersouthernernortherner②-or……的人actorgovernorvisitor③-ress表示女性，雌性actresswaitress④-ese……人ChineseJapanese⑤-an……人AmericanAustralianCanadian⑥-ist……家，者artistnovelistviolinistpianist(2)构成抽象名词＆集合名词的后缀①v.+mentmovementgovernmentjudgment②v.+ion/sion/tion/ationactionpronunciationinvitationdecisionvisionintention③n.+shipfriendshipmembershiprelationshipleadership④adj.+nesskindnessillnesshappiness⑶形容词的后缀-able/ibleenjoyablehorribleterrible-alnaturalinternational-fulcarefulhopefulhelpfulusefulsuccessful-lesscarelesshopelessuselesshomeless-lyfriendlymonthlylonely-ycloudyluckyhillyhealthynoisy-ous/iousdangerousserious-edexcitedshockedfrightenedinterested-ingsurprisingexcitinginterestingshocking⑷副词的后缀-lysuddenlyquicklyslowlycertainlynearlysuccessfully-ward/wardsbackwardsforwardsdownwardsupwardsnorthwardsouthwardeastwardwestward⑸动词的后缀adj./n.+endeependarkensharpen⑹数词的后缀-teenthirteenfifteennineteenfourteen-tytwentythirtyfiftyninety-theleventhtwelfthfourtheighthninthhundredththousandth概念：缩略法缩短原有词汇使读音和写法呈现新的形式。1.剪切法(Clipping)剪切词头(Frontclipping)airplanetelephonetaxicab剪切词尾(Backclipping)examinationphotographⅢ.缩略法(Acronymy)planephonecabexamphotoadvertisement2.混成法(Blending)breakfast+lunch=brunch早晨和中午之间的饭smoke+fog=smog烟雾work+welfare=workfare工作福利medical+care=medicare医疗保险3.首字母缩略（Initialisms）BBCUNadBritishBroadcastingCorporationUnitedNations4.首字母缩写词（Acronyms）此种缩略法形成的词读成一个单词AIDS获得性免疫系统缺陷综合症（艾滋病）VIPUFOICBCCCBVeryImportantPersonUnidentifiedFlyingObjectIndustrialandCommercialBankofChinaChinaConstructionBankAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndromeTHEENDSARS严重的急性呼吸道综合症SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome制作人：雒志才工作单位：靖远县第三中学联系电话：[phone]邮箱地址：[e-mail]