定语从句(attributive clauses)

定语从句AttributiveClauseswho、whom、that引导的定语从句which、that引导的定语从句介词前置的定语从句关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句whose引导的定语从句附加数量的定语从句aswhich引导的定语从句定语从句与结果状语从句、地点状语从句名词性从句、同位语从句、强调句的区别关系代词、副词的选择定语从句AttributiveClauses定语从句又称作形容词性从句.在复合句中用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.请看下面两个句子:1).Thegirlwho/thatisstandinginfrontoftheclassisJoe.(站在同学们面前的那个女孩是乔.)2).Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.（我昨天买的那本书非常有趣.）在第一个句子中,主句是ThegirlisJoe.而who/thatisstandinginfrontoftheclass就是限定girl的一个定语从句.定语从句所修饰的名词或代词中心词girl叫做先行词.而who/that(它就是girl)叫做关系代词。问：例2中主句、定语从句、先行词、关系代词各是什么？（一）像例1）中当先行词是人，且在定语从句作主语时，关系代词用who/that,而且不可省略。例3.Theboywho/thatisflyingakiteoverthereisBill.例4.Doyouknowthegirlwho\thatissittinginthefirstrow?例5.Doyoustillrememberthemanwho/thatvisitedourschoollastweek?例6.Tomisthestudentwho/thatbrokethewindowyesterday.你能翻译下列句子吗？1.昨天迟到的那个男孩叫李明。→Theboywho/thatwaslateyesterdayisLiming.2.你认识站在操场上的那个女孩吗？→Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatisstandingontheplayground?3.昨天帮助丽丽的那个男人是我叔叔。→Themanwho/thathelpedLilyyesterdayismyuncle.4.我不认识正在河边玩耍的那个女孩。→Idon’tknowthegirlwho/thatisplayingbytheriver.5.昨晚和我一起去看电影的男孩叫杨杨。→Theboywho/thatwenttothecinemawithmeyesterdayisYangyang.6.作家是一位经常写书的人。→Awriterisapersonwho/thatwritesbooks.问：都译对了吗？(二)当先行词是人,且在定语从句中作宾语,关系代词用（who\whom\that）,而且经常省略。例7.Theman(who\whom\that)wemetinthestreetyesterdayisMr.Green.例8.Doyoustillrememberthegirl(who\whom\that)wetalkedaboutlastnight?问：你能翻译下列句子吗？1.我们昨天在街上看到的男人是Smith.→Themanwho/whom/thatwemetinthestreetyesterdayisMr.Smith2.你认识昨天妈妈谈话的那位阿姨吗？→Doyouknowtheauntwho/whom/thatmothertalkedwithyesterday?3.我们上星期天在湖边遇到的叔叔叫Brown。→Theunclewho/whom/thatwemetbythelakelastweekisBrown.4.你还记得我们昨晚谈到的那位老师吗？→Doyouremembertheteacherwho/whom/thatwetalkedaboutlastnight.5.我不认识爸爸前天和他一起去公园的那位叔叔。→Idon’tknowtheunclewho/whom/thatmyfatherwenttotheparkwiththedaybeforeyesterday.要注意：定语从句中有了关系代词作宾语，即使省略了，也不要带重复的人称代词宾语。请改正下列句子：1.ThewaiterIsawintherestaurantyesterdayisveryfriendly.2.DoyouknowthewomanwemetinthebuslastSunday?3.TheboyMothertalkedwithjustnowisBill.himherhim（三）.当先行词是物时,关系代词用which/that.在定语从句中作主语时不能省略，而作宾语时经常省略。你知道例2)中关系代词在定语从句中的作用吗？例9.Aplaneisamachinewhich/thatcanfly.例10.Thebook(which/that)weboughtinthebookstoreyesterdayisveryinteresting.例11.whoseisthecarwhich/thatisrunninginthestreet?例12.Thecakes(which/that)mymothercookedareverydelicious.你能正确翻译下列句子吗？1.收割机（Aharvestmachine）是一种能够收获（getin）庄稼（crops）的机器。→Aharvestmachineisamachinewhich/thatcangetinthecrops.2.爸爸去年建的房子很漂亮。→Thehouse(which/that)fatherbuiltlastyearisverybeautiful.3.我喜欢吃妈妈做的面条。→Ilikeeatingnoodles(which/that)mymothercooked.4.你找到你上星期丢的那本字典了吗？→Haveyoufoundthedictionary(which/that)youlostlastweek?5.你能看到正在天上飞的那只风筝吗？→Canyouseethekitewhich/thatisflyinginthesky?下列句子出现了错误，你能改正一下吗？1.Theapplesmymotherboughtinthemarketaredelicious.2.IhavenotfoundthebookIlostontheplaygroundlastweek.themit（四）.介词前置的定语从句:1.Doyouknowthegirl(who/whom/that)theteacheristalkingwith?Doyouknowthegirlwithwhomtheteacheristalking?2.Greeceisthecountry(which/that)theOlympicGameswasbornin.GreeceisthecountryinwhichtheOlympicGameswasborn.注意：介词前置是，先行词是人，只能用whom；先行词是物只能用which,而且均不可省略.你能用介词前置的形式完成下列句子吗?1.那就是Lily出生的那个农场.→ThatisthefarmonwhichLilywasborn.2.你到过你叔叔工作的那个工厂吗？→haveyoubeentothefactoryinwhichyouruncleworks?3.你见过妈妈昨天谈到的那位老师吗？→Haveyouseentheteacheraboutwhomyourmothertalked?4．昨天我们参观了那位伟大作家曾经住过的房子.→Wevisitedthehouseinwhichthegreatwriterlivedyesterday.5．昨天晚上我和他一起去看电影的男孩叫Bob.→TheboywithwhomIwenttothecinemalastnightisBob.6.Ann就是我上星期写信的那位女孩。→AnnisthegirltowhomIwrotealetterlastweek.（五）.由关系副词when、where、why等引导的定语从句：当先行词为时间或地点和原因，而且在定语从句中作状语(做主、宾语要用which、that)，这时分别when、where和why等关系副词来因导定语从句。例17).Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichShakespeareoncelived.例18）.Doyoustillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichwevisitedtheSummerPalace?例19）.Thatisthereasonwhy/forwhich/that/#Lilywaslatefortheparty.20）.例Thisisthewayinwhich/that/#Iworkedouttheproblem.请用适当关系副词、代词完成下列句子：1.July1st.istheday_____________myfatherjoinedtheParty.July1st.istheday___________hewillneverforget2.Iwillneverforgettheday_______wespentinBeijing._______wevisitedtheGreatWall.3.Haveyoubeentothehouse_________LuXunoncelived?______yourfatherbought?When/onwhichWhich/thatWhich/thatWhen/onwhichWhere/inwhichWhich/that4.NewYork,_______wevisitedlastyear,isabigcity.,_______myauntlives,,in_______myauntlives,5.That’sthereason___hedidn’tgotothecinema.____heexplainedforhisdelay.6.That’stheway___wefinishedtheworkontime.____hetoldmetofinishtheworkontime.WhichWhere/inwhichWhichWhy/forwhich/that/#Which/thatInwhich/that/#Which/that(六）.由whose引导的定语从句：当先行词与定语从句的第一个名词是所有关系时，无论先行词是人还是物，经常用whose来引导定语从句：例13.YangMeiisthegirlwhosefatherisanengineer.例14.Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenismine.请翻译下列句子：1.你认识叔叔是作家的那位男孩吗？→Doyouknowtheboywhoseuncleisawriter?2.昨天车坏了的那位阿姨叫Nancy.→TheauntwhosecarwasbrokenyesterdayisNancy.3.我叔叔工作的那个农场的老板叫Brown.→ThebossonwhosefarmmyuncleworksisMr.Brown.4.我姐姐学习的那个学校的校长是Green.→TheheadmasterinwhoseschoolmysisterstudiesisMr.Green.注意：whose….可用….ofwhich/….ofwhom来取代.先行词是物用前者，人用后者.亦可换为ofwhich…./ofwhom….例：thegirlwhoseuncle=theuncleofwhom=ofwhomtheuncle.而thehousewhosewindow=thewindowofwhich=ofwhichthewindow.你能把上面各题变换一下吗？（七）.表示附