中口笔译B2A二十大技巧案例与练习

1英汉技巧一：高屋建瓴“揽全局”主要是指翻译首先要分清英文主从句，一般先处理插入成分或从句，之后再处理主句。处理英文细节时要高屋建瓴、宏观把握，不拘泥于一字一词。行文需要注意中文特有的节奏感，不能拖沓冗长，要按照中文来龙去脉、由远及近的叙事原则组织行文。实例练习1：ThestunningriseofApple,whoselateboss,SteveJobs,madeafetishofdesign,hasnodoubtinfluencedGoogle’sthinkingsincethen.Theshifttowardsmobilecomputinghasalsoforcedittotakedesignmoreseriously.“There’sanemotionalreactionwithapersonalisedmobiledevicethatyoudon’tgetwithamouseandakeyboard,”explainsJonWiley,asearchdesignerwhoispartofaninitiativetorevampGoogle’sdesignphilosophythatwaslaunchedbyLarryPagewhenhebecamechiefexecutivein2011.实例练习2：ForanyoutsidersstilldoubtingtherealityofreforminMyanmar-fordecadesoneoftheregion'smostisolatednations-AungSanSuuKyi'sflightthisweekfromYangonto2BangkokinneighbouringThailandshouldbeseenasahistoricsignthatsignificantchangeisindeedunderway.Itisabriefflight-alittleoveranhour-yetbytakingit,theonce-repressediconofMyanmesefreedomwilltravellightyearsfromherformerdaysunderhousearrestinherramblingmansion,cutofffromhertwosonsandherhusband,nottomentiontheoutsideworld.课下练习1：BarclayschiefexecutiveBobDiamondcavedintoheavypoliticalpressureandresignedyesterday,adayaftertheBritishbank'schairmanquitinamovethathadsuggestedDiamondmighthangontohisjob.Diamond'sdeparturewasinturnfollowedafewhourslaterbythatofthebank'schiefoperatingofficer,JerrydelMissier.DiamondandDelMissier,whoonlytookuphisnewjoblastmonth,werebothpreviouslyseniorfiguresatthefirm'sinvestmentbankingarmBarclaysCapital.ChairmanMarcusAgiusisnowexpectedtoleaveonlyafterleadingthesearchforanewchiefexecutivetoreplaceDiamond,whoseresignationcomesafter18monthsinthepost.Thethreeresignationscomeamidadeepeningdispute3aboutwhethertheBankofEnglandpushedthelendertosubmitartificiallylowinterbanklendingratesduringthefinancialcrisis.课下练习2：Ruebushdeploresthecurrentfetishforthehundredsofantibacterialproductsthatconveyafalsesenseofsecurityandmayactuallyfosterthedevelopmentofantibiotic-resistant,disease-causingbacteria.Plainsoapandwaterareallthatareneededtobecomeclean,shenoted.4英汉技巧二：行文提倡“四、六、八”主要是指英译中行文务求简洁、流畅、自然，而简洁的最佳办法就是采用四字句、六字句或八字句，增强行文张力时也是如此，采用四、六、八字句构成同义重复，这是中文的一大特点。如：口若悬河，剑拔弩张之势，箭在弦上不得不发。实例练习１：ButwhenShakespeare’stalkingabout“love,”he’snottalkingaboutromanticloveorfemininebeauty–thefirst126sonnetsinShakespeare’sworkaregenerallyunderstoodtobeaddressedtowardsaman,andmanyofthesurroundingpiecesareactuallyencouragingprocreation.Shakespeareisn’twooingabeautifulwoman;he’stellingawealthyyoungponzexactlywhathewantstohear:thathe’sjustsodamnsexythatit’dbeprettymuchtheworstthingintheworldifhedidn’thavekids.实例练习２：Theirconclusionsareatoncegloomy—overfishingcontinuestothreatenmanyspecies—andupbeat:acombinationofstepscanturnthingsaround.Butbecauseantagonismbetweenecologistsandfisheriesmanagement5expertshasbeenintense,manyfamiliarwiththestudysaythemostimportantfactoristhatitwasdoneatall.课下练习１：Ifcurrenttrendscontinue,by2048overfishingwillhavedestroyedmostcommerciallyimportantpopulationsofsaltwaterfish.Ecologistsapplaudedthework.Butamongfisheriesmanagementscientists,reactionsrangedfromskepticismtofuryoverwhatmanycalledanalarmistreport.课下练习２：CambridgeattractsthebeststudentsandacademicsbecausetheyfindtheUniversityandthecollegesstimulatingandenjoyableplacesinwhichtoliveandwork.Thestudentsarethrowninwithsimilarlyableminds,learningasmuchfromeachotherasfromtheirteachers;thegoodsenioracademicsknowbetterthantobetoohierarchicalortocutthemselvesofffromintellectualcriticismanddebate.6汉英技巧一：中文结构“三步走”主要是指涉及政府外宣类题材的句子结构划分技巧。所谓“三步走”，具体是指：中文长句中，第一步给出理念、指导方针或原则，第二步具体阐述在这种方针原则的指导下都做了什么或者要做什么，第三步给出结果或者要实现的目标。在具体行文时，可以按照“每一步”信息的多少进行“逐步”切句或者灵活整合，切记：句子宜短不宜长。有了“三步走”原则，长句一点都不可怕！这一汉英句式逻辑分析技巧在实操训练中非常实用也极易掌握！案例练习1：为此，国际经济司从政治和外交角度更好地参与国际经济合作和经济治理，落实互利共赢的对外开放战略，维护国家的发展利益和经济安全，同时为推动世界经济增长、实现各国共同发展做出更大的贡献。案例练习2：中国顺应经济全球化的发展趋势，坚持在更大范围、更广领域和更高层次上参与国际经济技术合作，积极推动经济全球化向有利于各国共同繁荣的方向发展。课下练习1：上海外语口译的实用性和专业性，以及获证人员所达到的翻译水准，7已使其成为社会上广泛认可、口碑良好的非学历继续教育项目，深受莘莘学子的青睐。课下练习2：外交部将成立国际经济司为契机，继往开来，统筹规划，紧扣国际形势的变化，紧扣国家发展的需要，紧扣总体外交的目标，不断推进经济外交工作，努力开创经济外交工作新局面。8汉英技巧二：“孰轻孰重”要分明主要是指中英句子结构差异：中文结构“前轻后重”，中文结构事实、背景在前，表态、判断、结论在后，英文恰恰相反，是“前重后轻”。结构差异了然于胸，“表态判断为主，事实背景为从”，在翻译时有了这样一个主从句框架搭建原则，逻辑一目了然，译文自然“行云流水”！案例练习1：城外郊区，则另有一番天地。乡村古镇，阡陌交错，一派悠闲的田园风光。案例练习2：对于21世纪的亚太，人们曾经有不同的看法。有人认为亚太人文荟萃，潜力巨大，前景光明。也有人认为亚太问题丛生，麻烦不断，不容乐观。课下练习1：在这个宁静的水镇里，生活的脚步似乎完全听命于那淌着潺潺流水的河流。西塘可以说是水的同义词。这里的河流是那样的蜿蜒曲折、波光粼粼，映射出一派宁静祥和的街景。9课下练习2：1968年我从北京来到陕西，惟一挂念的是在故乡身患绝症的老母亲。母亲的时日已经不多，身边再无亲人，离别成为我心中最沉重的痛。惟一能传递母亲信息的就是那枚小小的邮票。10英汉技巧三：中文“形散神不散”主要是指中文重意合，不像英文那样通过介词和连词串连成句，中文的逻辑散落在字里行间。在具体行文时遵循“以意群为成句单位”的原则，意群间除非确有必要，否则不用特别指明逻辑关系。案例练习1：Offshoresupplyvesselsresemblinglarge,floatingflat-backedtrucksfillVictoriaDock,unabletofindchartersinasignofthedownturninBritain'soilindustry.WithUKNorthSeaoilandgasproduction44percentbelowitspeak,self-styledoilcapitalofEuropeAberdeenfearstheslowdownisnotsimplycyclical.案例练习2：Foradecade,metallurgistsstudyingthehulkoftheTitanichavearguedthatthestoriedoceanlinerwentdownquicklyafterhittinganicebergbecausetheship'sbuilderusedsubstandardrivetsthatpoppedtheirheadsandlettonsoficyseawaterrushin.Morethan1,500peopledied.课下练习1：11