运营管理08-选址策略

8–1OperationsManagementOperationsManagementChapter8–LocationStrategiesChapter8–LocationStrategiesPowerPointpresentationtoaccompanyPowerPointpresentationtoaccompanyHeizer/RenderHeizer/RenderPrinciplesofOperationsManagement,6ePrinciplesofOperationsManagement,6eOperationsManagement,8eOperationsManagement,8e8–2OutlineOutline

GlobalCompanyProfile:GlobalCompanyProfile:FederalExpressFederalExpress

TheStrategicImportanceTheStrategicImportanceOfLocationOfLocation8–3OutlineOutline––ContinuedContinued

FactorsThatAffectLocationFactorsThatAffectLocationDecisionsDecisions

LaborProductivityLaborProductivity

ExchangeRatesandCurrencyRisksExchangeRatesandCurrencyRisks

CostsCosts

AttitudesAttitudes

ProximitytoMarketsProximitytoMarkets

ProximitytoSuppliersProximitytoSuppliers

ProximitytoCompetitors(Clustering)ProximitytoCompetitors(Clustering)8–4OutlineOutline––ContinuedContinued

MethodsOfEvaluatingLocationMethodsOfEvaluatingLocationAlternativesAlternatives

TheFactorTheFactor--RatingMethodRatingMethod

LocationalBreakLocationalBreak--EvenAnalysisEvenAnalysis

CenterCenter--ofof--GravityMethodGravityMethod

TheTransportationMethodTheTransportationMethod8–5OutlineOutline––ContinuedContinued

ServiceLocationStrategyServiceLocationStrategy

HowHotelChainsSelectSitesHowHotelChainsSelectSites

TheTelemarketingIndustryTheTelemarketingIndustry

GeographicInformationSystemsGeographicInformationSystems8–6LearningObjectivesLearningObjectivesWhenyoucompletethischapter,youWhenyoucompletethischapter,youshouldbeableto:shouldbeableto:IdentifyorDefine:IdentifyorDefine:

ObjectiveoflocationstrategyObjectiveoflocationstrategy

InternationallocationissuesInternationallocationissues

ClusteringClustering

GeographicinformationsystemsGeographicinformationsystems8–7LearningObjectivesLearningObjectivesWhenyoucompletethischapter,youWhenyoucompletethischapter,youshouldbeableto:shouldbeableto:DescribeorExplain:DescribeorExplain:

ThreemethodsofsolvingthelocationThreemethodsofsolvingthelocationproblemproblem

FactorFactor--ratingmethodratingmethod

LocationalbreakevenanalysisLocationalbreakevenanalysis

CenterCenter--ofof--gravitymethodgravitymethod

DescribethefactorsaffectinglocationDescribethefactorsaffectinglocationdecisionsdecisions8–8FederalExpressFederalExpress

CentralhubconceptCentralhubconcept

EnablesservicetomorelocationswithEnablesservicetomorelocationswithfeweraircraftfeweraircraft

EnablesmatchingofaircraftflightswithEnablesmatchingofaircraftflightswithpackageloadspackageloads

ReducesmishandlinganddelayintransitReducesmishandlinganddelayintransitbecausethereistotalcontrolofbecausethereistotalcontrolofpackagesfrompickuptodeliverypackagesfrompickuptodelivery8–9LocationStrategyLocationStrategy

OneofthemostimportantdecisionsOneofthemostimportantdecisionsafirmmakesafirmmakes

IncreasinglyglobalinnatureIncreasinglyglobalinnature

LongtermimpactanddecisionsareLongtermimpactanddecisionsaredifficulttochangedifficulttochange

TheobjectiveistomaximizetheTheobjectiveistomaximizethebenefitoflocationtothefirmbenefitoflocationtothefirm8–10LocationandInnovationLocationandInnovation

CostisnotalwaysthemostimportantCostisnotalwaysthemostimportantaspectofastrategicdecisionaspectofastrategicdecision

FourkeyattributeswhenstrategyisFourkeyattributeswhenstrategyisbasedoninnovationbasedoninnovation

HighHigh--qualityandspecializedinputsqualityandspecializedinputs

AnenvironmentthatencouragesAnenvironmentthatencouragesinvestmentandlocalrivalryinvestmentandlocalrivalry

AsophisticatedlocalmarketAsophisticatedlocalmarket

LocalpresenceofrelatedandLocalpresenceofrelatedandsupportingindustriessupportingindustries8–11LocationDecisionsLocationDecisions

LongLong--termdecisionstermdecisions

DecisionsmadeinfrequentlyDecisionsmadeinfrequently

DecisiongreatlyaffectsbothfixedDecisiongreatlyaffectsbothfixedandvariablecostsandvariablecosts

Oncecommittedtoalocation,Oncecommittedtoalocation,manyresourceandcostissuesaremanyresourceandcostissuesaredifficulttochangedifficulttochange8–12LocationDecisionsLocationDecisionsCountryDecisionCountryDecisionCriticalSuccessFactorsCriticalSuccessFactors1.1.Politicalrisks,governmentPoliticalrisks,governmentrules,attitudes,incentivesrules,attitudes,incentives2.2.CulturalandeconomicCulturalandeconomicissuesissues3.3.LocationofmarketsLocationofmarkets4.4.Laboravailability,attitudes,Laboravailability,attitudes,productivity,costsproductivity,costs5.5.Availabilityofsupplies,Availabilityofsupplies,communications,energycommunications,energy6.6.ExchangeratesandExchangeratesandcurrencyriskscurrencyrisksFigure8.1Figure8.18–13LocationDecisionsLocationDecisionsRegion/Region/CommunityCommunityDecisionDecisionCriticalSuccessFactorsCriticalSuccessFactors1.1.CorporatedesiresCorporatedesires2.2.AttractivenessofregionAttractivenessofregion3.3.Laboravailability,costs,Laboravailability,costs,attitudestowardsunionsattitudestowardsunions4.4.CostsandavailabilityofutilitiesCostsandavailabilityofutilities5.5.EnvironmentalregulationsEnvironmentalregula