2--定语从句(基础版)

•定语从句两大基本概念：•Manycompaniesemploypeoplewhohasredhair.•先行词：??•被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。•一般由:名词,代词,短语,句子充当•引导词/关系词：??•引导定语从句的词叫引导词。•引导词是区分主句和从句的重要标准。________找出句子主干•1.Whenanyoneopensacurrentaccountatabank,heislendingthebankmoneyrepaymentofwhichhemaydemandatanytime,eitherincashorbydrawingachequeinfavorofanotherperson.•2.Ifyou’reunsureaboutthings,eachfloorhasanelected“floorsenior”whoisusuallyastudentintheirthirdorfourthyearofstudywho’sbeenatSmithHouseforawhile.(剑2,T2,L)•3.Ifeverythingtheydomusthavesomeeducationaloracademicrelevance,thentheywillsoongettiredofstudyingaltogether,whichisthelastthingparentswouldwant.(剑3,G,TA,W)•4,Asyoucansee,thebuildingyou’reinnowwhichcontainsthismainlounge,thediningroom,therecreationroom,thekitchenandtheofficeswaspartoftheoriginaloldhouse,builtinthe1840stobeusedbythefamilyofGeorgeSmith.(剑2,T2,L)引导词•关系代词：•that，which,who，whom，whose•关系副词：•when，where，why关系代词①that：•(1)先行词：人/物•(2)在从句中作成分：主，宾，表•【练1/2】受到严重威胁的语言是那些只有老人在说的语言。(剑4，T2，R）•Thecriticallyendangeredlanguagesarethosethatareonlyspokenbytheelderly.•4Qs:主干；先行词；引导词；在从句中成分•【练2/2】怀疑电脑将会带来的好处很重要。（剑1,G,W）•Q1:主干•Itisimportanttodoubt/suspectthebenefits.•Q2：先行词-------benefits•Q3:引导词------that•Q4:在从句中成分：--------宾语•It’simportanttobesuspiciousofthebenefitsthatcomputerwillbring.②which：•【用法一】：=that•(1)先行词：物•(2)在从句中成分：主，宾，表•【用法二】：•(1)先行词：整个句子•(2)在从句中成分：主，宾，表•(3)特点：which前出现逗号。•【练1/2】工业化国家的这项指标从8.3年上升到10.2年，这表明工业化国家的受教育年限明显加长了。（剑3，T3，W）•Inindustrializedcountries,thisnumberrosefrom8.3to10.2,whichshowsthatthelengthofeducationinindustrializedcountriesissignificantlylonger.•4Qs:主干；先行词；引导词；在从句中成分•【练2/2】1994到1995年期间出现了很大的增长，这种情况在未来的几年里很可能还会持续下去。（剑3，T2，W）•Q1:主干•Thereemergedagreatincrease.•Q2:先行词-----整句话•Q3:引导词-----which•Q4:在从句中作成分：主语•Thereemergedagreatincreasefrom1994to1995,whichlikelycontinuedintothefollowingyears.③who：•(1)先行词：人•(2)在从句中成分：主，宾，表•【练1/2】我想跟你谈谈一位特殊的老师，他对我的教育产生了重大影响。（剑3,T1,S）•Iwouldliketotellyouaboutaspecialteacherwhohadabiginfluenceonmyeducation.•4Qs:主干；先行词；引导词；在从句中成分•【练2/2】这一定会有害于居住和工作在半径5英里范围内的所有人。（剑3,G,TB,W）•Q1：主干•Thismustbeharmfultoallthepeople.•Q2:先行词----people•Q3:引导词----who•Q4:在从句中成分：主语•Thiswoulddefinitelybedetrimentaltoallthepeoplewhoworkorlivewithinafive-mileradius.④whom：•(1)先行词：人•(2)在从句中成分：宾，表•【辨析】•Heisthestudent____wearetalkingabout.•Heisthestudent____istalkingaboutus.⑤whose：•(1)先行词：人/物•(2)在从句中成分：定语•(3)特点：whose+n.-----主宾表•【练1/2】过了一段时间，世界的生产转向其价值与大小和重量没有关系的货物。（剑6，T1，R）•Overtime,worldoutputhasshiftedintogoodswhoseworthisunrelatedtotheirsizeandweight.•4Qs:主干；先行词；引导词；在从句中成分•【练2/2】对于那些工作安稳的人来说，加薪几乎是不可能的。（剑6，T3，R）•Q1:主干：•Forsomepeople,itisimpossibletoincreasethesalary.•Q2:先行词----people•Q3:引导词----whose•Q4:在从句中成分whose+job,主•Forthosepeoplewhosejobsaresecure,itisimpossibletoincreasethesalary.练习：填空•1.Thesearelotsofbusinesspeople___cometoChinatoworkanddobusiness.(剑3,T3,S)•2.Thefieldwaslaunched,andtheterm“artificialintelligence”coined,ataconferencein1956byagroupofresearchersthatincludedMarvinMinsky,JohnMcCarthy,HerbertSimonandAlanNewell,allof_____wentontobecomeleadingfiguresinthefield.（剑5,T3,R)•3.Thecouncil,___wasfoundedin1996,certifiesfisheriesthatmeethighenvironmentalstandards,enablingthemtousealabelthatrecognizestheirenvironmentalresponsibility.（剑7,T4,R）•4.Seaportshavebeentransformedbytheadventofpoweredvessels,____sizeanddraughthaveincreased.（剑2,T2,R）作业：关系代词先行词在从句中成分其他特点ThatWhichWhoWhomwhose关系副词①when---时间状语•(1)先行词：表示时间的名词（time;day;year;date;moment)•(2)在从句中成分：时间状语（从句中基本结构完整）•【练1/2】AprilFool’sDayisthatspecialdaywhenyoushouldplayajokeonsomeone!Children’sfavoritesaretoputsaltinthesugarbowlforDad’smorningcoffeeorputchalkonadeskchairatschoolsotheteachergetsawhitebackside!Butremember,ifyouplayajokeafter12noon,YOUaretheAprilFool!•4Qs:主干；先行词；引导词；在从句中成分•【练2/2】这是能保证充足食物来源的时候。（剑5，T4，R）•Q1:主干•Thisisthetime.•Q2:先行词：----time•Q3:引导词：-----when•Q4:在从句中成分：时间状语（从句完整）•Thisisatimewhenadequatefoodresourceswillbeassured.②where---地点状语•(1)先行词：表示地点的名词•(2)在从句中成分：地点状语（从句中基本结构完整）【练1/2】Pavarotti,OperaStarFindsCreativePassioninPainting•TenorLucianoPavarottiholdsahandkerchiefwheneverhesingsinconcert.Yetinreallifeheismorelikelytobefoundholdingapaintbrush.Forhisgreatloveispaintingvividly-coloredpicturesofItalianvillagesandseascapes.Whathelikesbestaboutpaintingisitscontrasttoopera,wherethechallengeistouseone’stalentstobringtolifetheworksofothers.“WhenIfinishacanvas,IfeelIhavecreatedaworld.•4Qs:主干；先行词；引导词；在从句中成分•【练2/2】在北京，有一些著名的茶馆，在那里你可以坐下来喝茶.（剑3，T3，S）•4Qs.•InBeijingtherearesomefamousteahouseswhereyoucansitanddrinktea.③why----原因状语•(1)先行词：表示原因的名词（reason)•(2)在从句中成分：原因状语（从句中基本结构完整）•【练】发生这种变化的一个主要原因就是电视的影响力增大了。(剑3，G，TB，W）•4Qs.•OneofthemajorreasonswhythischangehashappenedistheincreasedinfluenceofTV.•练习一（引导词）：•1.Sincetheearlyyearsofthetwentiethcentury,_____theInternationalAthleticFederationbegankeepingrecords,therehasbeenasteadyimprovementinhowfastathletesrun,howhightheyjumpandhowfartheyareabletohurlmassiveobjects,themselvesincluded,throughspace.(剑4,T4,R)•2.Theactiontakesplaceinundergroundcities____theenvironmentiscontrolledbycomputers.(剑5,G,TB,R)练习二:改错•1.I’dreallyliketofindafriendthatIcantrusthimcom