定语从句超详细解析

定语从句先行词是物先行词是人定语地点状语时间状语主宾主宾关系代词whichthatwhowhomwhose关系副词wherewhen注：1.介词提前时一般只用which和whom。2.whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich/ofwhom关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。who,that,whom（1）who指人，在从句中做主语或宾语Eg.Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.（2）whom指人，在从句中做宾语，常可以省略。Eg.Theprofessor(whom)youwanttoseehasgonetoShanghai.that,which(1)which指物，在从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略。Eg.Hegotbackthering(which)hehadlostontheplane.(2)that既可以指人又可以指物，在从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略。Eg.Thewomanthatspoketomelivesnextdoor.下列情况只能用that1.当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词就是序数词或形容词最高级时。Eg.Thisisthefirst/bestplaythatIhaveseen.Eg.ThistrainisthelastthatwillgotoTibet.2.当先行词是不定代词all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,one,somebody,nobody等时Eg.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?下列情况只能用that3.当先行词被all,theonly,thevery,few,little,some,no,anyevery,each等修饰时Eg.Thereislittletimethatwecanuse.Eg.ThisistheverybookthatIwanttobuy.4.当先行词既有人又有物时。Eg.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretakingabout?下列情况只能用that5当先行词为who或which时Eg.Whichisthehotelthathestayedatlastnight?下列情况只能用that6关系代词作表语时Eg.Lindaisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.下列情况一般用which2.关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时Eg.Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.1.在非限制性定语从句中若关系代词which,that,who在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略•Thegirl(who)youmetismysister.既指人又指物，在从句中作定语Eg.Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownbyall.Eg.Iliveinaroomwhosewindowsfacethesouth.Whose用来指代所属关系when指时间Eg.ShecamelastnightwhenIwasout.where表地点Eg.Iknowaplacewherewecanread.关系副词当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，常用asIhaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意：SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。关系代词前介词的确定1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’msure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.关系代词前介词的确定4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.区分定语从句和同位语从句1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位语从句2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.限制性定语从句易错误区1.Itisthefactorywhichmyfatherworks.2.ItwasonthemorningofMay1stwhenImetmyfriendattheairport.Itisthefactorywheremyfatherworks.ItwasonthemorningofMay1stthatImetmyfriendattheairport.1.TheteachershowedmethewayhowIcouldworkouttheproblem.2.Wetriedthewayinwhichhetoldus.Theteachershowedmethewayinwhich/that/\Icouldworkouttheproblem.Wetriedthewaythathetoldus.1.Thereasonwhyhegaveforhisbeinglatewasnotsufficient.Thereasonthathegaveforhisbeinglatewasnotsufficient.1.Teachingisajobwhichyouaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.2.Hegrewupinastagethatthewholesocietywasatamess.Teachingisajobwhereyouaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.Hegrewupinastagewherethewholesocietywasatamess.1.ThebookIborroweditfromyouyesterdayiswellworthreading.2.Theschoolwhereheisstudyingthereisafamousone.ThebookIborrowedfromyouyesterdayiswellworthreading.Theschoolwhereheisstudyingisafamousone.1.Hepromisedtodoallwhathecoulddotohelpusout.2.Whatdoyouthinkofhissuggestionthemeetingbeputofftillnextweek?Hepromisedtodoallthathecoulddotohelpusout.Whatdoyouthinkofhissuggestionthatthemeetingbeputofftillnextweek?1.Thisisperhapstheonlywaywhichwillleadyoutosuccess.2.Myhometownisnolongerthevillagewhichitusedtobe.Thisisperhapstheonlywaythatwillleadyoutosuccess.Myhometownisnolongerthevillagethatitusedtobe.3.Doyouhaveanythingwhichyouwanttosayaboutthe29thOlympicGames?4.IwasdeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandschoolswhichIhadvisited.Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayaboutthe29thOlympicGames?IwasdeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandschoolsthatIhadvisited.1.Hecouldnotfindasinglepersontowhohecouldturnforhelpinthestrangetown.2.HelentmeaspadewiththatIdugaholeintheground.Hecouldnotfindasinglepersontowhomhecouldturnforhelpinthestrangetown.HelentmeaspadewithwhichIdugaholeintheground.Exercises1.Motherboughtmeadictionaryonmybirthday,________mademeveryhappy.A.whatB.thatC.whoD.which2.Lookatthewatch.Don’tyouseeitis_______watch________Helenlosttheotherday?A.asthesame;asB.thesame;asC.thesame;whichD.asthesame;that3.________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What4.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it5.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown,_______hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,________ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis7.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but__________didn’thelp.A.whichB.it