-基于单片机的粮仓温湿度多点无线监测系统设计 (1)

本科毕业设计基于单片机的粮仓温湿度多点无线监测系统设计温湿度是一个非常重要的参数。在工业、医疗、军事和生活等许多地方，都需要用到测温湿装置来监测温湿度。传统直接布线测量不能满足要求，特别是在某些环境恶劣的工业环境和户外环境，通过直接布线测量不现实。因此采用无线传输温湿度信息尤为必要。目前有些设计能够实现无线温湿度监测，但价格过高是其最大的缺点。在实际温湿度控制过程中既要求系统具有稳定性、实时性又需要降低功耗。因此设计一种低功耗的无线温湿度监测系统很有意义。本文提出一种针对无线数据传输问题的解决方案，该方案基于nRF24L01来设计无线温湿度采集系统。该系统采用传统单片机ATmega16L和数字温湿度传感器AM2301来构成多点、实时的无线温湿度监测系统。通过简单的无线通信协议，实现可靠性与功耗平衡，该系统能实现对温湿度的监测，是可以实现远程控制的无线温湿度监测系统。该系统利用无线通信技术构建了分布式无线传感器网络，通过传感器节点实现温湿度信息的采集和传输，系统具有组网简单，维护方便，运行费用低等优点，能够实现可靠的无线数据传输。可以应用于大型粮仓温湿度的监测。关键字：ATmega16AM2301无线传输nRF24L01WirelessTemperatureandHumidityMonitoringSysteminBarnShiJianzhu(CollegeofEngineering,SouthChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Guangzhou510642,China)Abstract:Temperatureandhumidityisaveryimportantparameter.Inmanyplaces,suchastheindustrial,medical,andmilitary,youneedthetemperatureandhumiditymeasurementdevicetomonitortemperatureandhumidity.Directwiringmeasurementdoesnotmeettherequirements,especiallyinsomeenvironments,suchas,harshindustrialenvironmentsandoutdoorenvironments.Therefore,thewirelesstransmissionoftemperatureandhumidityinformationisparticularlynecessary.Atpresent,somedevicescanbeusedtomonitorwirelesstemperatureandhumidity,butthepriceisthebiggestdrawback,thepriceistoohigh.Thesystemmustbestable,real-timeandlowpowerconsumptioninactualcontrol.Therefore,thedesignofalow-powerconsumptionwirelesstemperatureandhumiditymonitoringsystemmakessense.Thispaperpresentsasolutionforwirelessdatatransmission,theprogramisbasedonthenRF24L01todesignthemonitorintsystemofwirelesstemperatureandhumidity.ThesystemusesthetraditionalmicrocontrollerATmega16anddigitaltemperatureandhumiditysensorAM2301toformmulti-point,real-timewirelesstemperatureandhumiditymonitoringsystem.Throughasimplewirelesscommunicationprotocols,bringaboutreliabilityandpowerbalance.Thesystemisaremotewirelesstemperatureandhumiditymonitoringsystem.Thesystemuseswirelesscommunicationtechnologytobuildadistributedwirelesssensornetworks.Thetemperatureandhumiditydataacquisitionandtransmissionbasedonsensornodes,withasimplenetwork,easymaintenance,lowoperationcost.Thesystemcanbeappliedtoalargegranarytemperatureandhumiditymonitoring.Keyword:ATmega16AM2301WirelessTransmissionnRF24l01目录1前言.......................................................................................................................................12系统方案分析与选择论证...................................................................................................12.1系统最终方案...................................................................................................................12.2系统方案设计...................................................................................................................22.2.1主控芯片方案................................................................................................................22.2.2无线通信模块方案........................................................................................................22.2.3温湿度传感器方案........................................................................................................32.2.4显示模块方案................................................................................................................33主要芯片介绍和系统模块硬件设计...................................................................................43.1ATmega16L-8AI单片机..................................................................................................43.2nRF24L01无线模块........................................................................................................53.2.1nRF24L01模块电路图.................................................................................................53.2.2nRF24L01模块接口电路.............................................................................................53.2.3nRF24L01模块供电电源.............................................................................................63.2.4nRF24L01模块工作模式.............................................................................................63.2.5nRF24L01模块工作原理.............................................................................................73.2.6nRF24L01配置字.........................................................................................................83.3数字温湿度传感器AM2301..........................................................................................83.3.1AM2301概述................................................................................................................83.3.2AM2301接口及温湿采集电路....................................................................................93.3.3AM2301工作原理........................................................................................................93.4显示模块TFT-LCD.......................................................................................................104系统软件设计.....................................................................................................................114.1单片机软件设计.............................................................................................................114.1.1发送