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[例2-3]求含正丁烷(1)0.15、正戊烷(2)0.4、和正已烷(3)0.45(摩尔分数)之烃类混合物在0.2MPa压力下的泡点温度。B.露点温度a.解:因各组分都是烷烃,所以汽、液相均可看成理想溶液,Ki只取决于温度和压力。如计算要求不高,可使用烃类的p-T-K图(见图2-1)。假设T=50℃,p=0.2MPa,查图求Ki,组分xiKiyi=Kixi正丁烷0.152.50.375正戊烷0.400.760.304正已烷0.450.280.126说明所设温度偏低,选正丁烷为KG,95.0805.076.03iGyKK。查p-t-k图t为58.7,再设T=58.7℃,重复上述计算得故泡点温度为58.7℃。解:B.露点温度,假设T=80℃,p=0.2MPa,查图求Ki,组分xiKiyi/Ki=xi正丁烷0.154.20.036正戊烷0.401.60.25正已烷0.450.650.6921978.0iiiKyx选正戊烷为参考组分,则56.1978.06.14iGxKK由56.14K,查图2-1a得t=78℃K1=4,K2=1.56,K3=0.6,1053.175.0267.00375.0iiiKyx故混合物在78℃。[例2-7]进料流率为1000kmol/h的轻烃混合物,其组成为:丙烷(1)30%;正丁烷(2)10%;正戊烷(3)15%;正已烷(4)45%(摩尔)。求在50℃和200kPa条件下闪蒸的汽、液相组成及流率。解:该物系为轻烃混合物,可按理想溶液处理。由给定的T和p,从p-T-K图查Ki,再采用上述顺序解法求解。(1)核实闪蒸温度假设50℃为进料泡点温度,则假设50℃为进料的露点温度,则说明进料的实际泡点和露点温度分别低于和高于规定的闪蒸温度,闪蒸问题成立。(2)求Ψ,令Ψ1=0.1(最不利的初值)=0.8785因f(0.1)0,应增大Ψ值。因为每一项的分母中仅有一项变化,所以可以写出仅含未知数Ψ的一个方程:计算R-R方程导数公式为:当Ψ1=0.1时,由(2-62):以下计算依此类推,迭代的中间结果列表如下:迭代次数Ψf(Ψ)df(Ψ)/d(Ψ)12340.10.290.460.510.87850.3290.0660.001734.6311.8911.32—f(Ψ4)数值已达到p-T-K图的精确度。(3)用式(2-57)计算xi,用式(2-58)计算yi由类似计算得:x2=0.0583,y2=0.1400x3=0.1670,y3=0.1336x4=0.6998,y4=0.2099(4)求V,Lkmol/hkmol/h(5)核实和,因Ψ值不能再精确,故结果已满意。(1)(2)(3)一烃类混合物含甲烷5%(mol),乙烷10%,丙烷30%及异丁烷55%,试求混合物在25℃时的泡点压力和露点压力。解1:因为各组分都是烷烃,所以汽、液相均可以看成理想溶液,iK值只取决于温度和压力。可使用烃类的P-T-K图。⑴泡点压力的计算:75348假设P=2.0MPa,因T=25℃,查图求iK组分i甲烷(1)乙烷(2)丙烷(3)异丁烷(4)∑ix0.050.100.300.551.00iK8.51.80.570.26iiixKy0.4250.180.1710.1430.919iixK=0.919<1,说明所设压力偏高,重设P=1.8MPa组分i甲烷(1)乙烷(2)丙烷(3)异丁烷(4)∑ix0.050.100.300.551.00iK9.41.950.620.28iiixKy0.470.1950.1860.1541.005iixK=1.005≈1,故泡点压力为1.8MPa。⑵露点压力的计算:假设P=0.6MPa,因T=25℃,查图求iK组分i甲烷(1)乙烷(2)丙烷(3)异丁烷(4)∑iy0.050.100.300.551.00iK26.05.01.60.64iiiKyx0.00190.020.18750.85941.0688iiKy=1.0688>1.00,说明压力偏高,重设P=0.56MPa。组分i甲烷(1)乙烷(2)丙烷(3)异丁烷(4)∑iy0.050.100.300.551.00iK27.85.381.690.68iiiKyx0.00180.01860.17750.80881.006iiKy=1.006≈1,故露点压力为0.56MPa。解2:(1)求泡点压力:设P1=1000KPa,由25℃,1000KPa,查P-T-K列线图得iK1K=16.52K=3.23K=1.04K=0.43所以168.143.055.00.13.02.31.05.1605.0iy选异丁烷为参考组分282.0907.0256.04243iyKK,查得P=1771KPa在此条件下求得iy=1.021,继续调整279.002.1282.04344iyKK,查得P=1800KPa求得:1001.1iy,故混合物在25℃的泡点压力为1800KPa序号组分ix1000KPa2000KPa1770KPa1800KPaiKiyiKiyiKiyiKiy1甲烷0.0516.50.8258.40.429.60.489.40.472乙烷0.103.20.321.750.1751.950.1951.920.1923丙烷0.301.00.300.570.1710.630.1890.620.1864异丁烷0.550.430.240.2560.1410.2850.1570.2790.1531.001.680.9071.021.001(2)求露点压力设P1=1000KPa,由25℃,1000KPa,查P-T-K列线图得iK1K=16.52K=3.23K=1.04K=0.43所以614.143.055.02.310.05.1605.0iiiKyx选异丁烷为参考组分694.0614.143.04142ixKK由25℃,42K=0.694查得P=560KPa,查得各组分的iK值求得1990.0ix故混合物在25℃时的露点压力为560Kpa序号组成组成1000KPa560KPaiKixiKix1甲烷0.0516.50.00327.50.0022乙烷0.103.20.0315.200.0193丙烷0.301.00.301.700.1764异丁烷0.550.431.280.6940.7931.6140.990P866).以烃类蒸汽混合物含有甲烷a.5%,乙烷b.10%,丙烷c.30%及异丁烷d.55%。⑴试求混合物在25℃时的露点压力与泡点压力,⑵并确定在t=25℃,p=1MPa大气压时的气相分率。解:a.求混合物在25℃时的露点压力设p=1MPa=101.3kPa,由t=25℃查图2-1a得:K1=165,K2=27,K3=8.1,K4=3.212129.02.355.01.830.02710.016505.0iiiKyx选异丁烷为参考组分,则6813.02129.02.34iGxKK由6813.04K和t=25℃查图2-1a得p=650kPa:K1=28,K2=5.35,K3=1.7,K4=0.6811003.1681.055.07.130.035.510.02805.0iiiKyx故混合物在25℃时的露点压力为650kPa。b.求混合物在25℃时的泡点压力设p=1MPa=101.3kPa,由t=25℃查图2-1a得:K1=165,K2=27,K3=8.1,K4=3.2114.1555.02.330.01.810.02705.0165iiixKy选异丁烷为参考组分,则2114.014.152.34iGyKK由2114.04K和t=25℃查图2-1a得p=2800kPa:K1=6.1,K2=1.37,K3=0.44,K4=0.211416903.055.02114.030.044.010.037.105.01.6iiixKy306.06903.02114.04iGyKK由306.04K和t=25℃查图2-1a得p=1550kPa:K1=11.0,K2=2.2,K3=0.70,K4=0.3061148.155.0306.030.07.010.02.205.00.11iiixKy27.0148.1306.04iGyKK由27.04K和t=25℃查图2-1a得p=1800kPa:K1=9.6,K2=1.9,K3=0.62,K4=0.271004.155.027.030.062.010.09.105.06.9iiixKy则混合物在25℃时的泡点压力为1800kPa。c.t=25℃,p=1MPa=101.3kPaK1=165,K2=27,K3=8.1,K4=3.212129.02.355.01.830.02710.016505.0iiKz114.1555.02.330.01.810.02705.0165iizK故在t=25℃,p=1MPa大气压时的气相分率等于1。1.某精馏塔的操作压力为0.1Mpa,其进料组成为组分正丁烷正戊烷正己烷正庚烷正辛烷总合组成(摩尔分数)0.050.170.650.100.031.00试求:①露点进料的进料温度。②泡点进料的进料温度。解:①露点进料的进料温度设t=20℃,p=0.1MPa=100kPa,由查图2-1a得:K1=2.1,K2=0.56,K3=0.17,K4=0.055,K5=0.0171734.7017.003.0055.010.017.065.056.017.01.205.0iiiKyx选正己烷为参考组分,则315.117.0734.73iGxKK由315.12K和p=100kPa,查图2-1a得t=78℃:K1=9.5,K2=3.2,K3=1.315,K4=0.56,K5=0.251851.025.003.056.010.0315.165.02.317.05.905.0iiiKyx119.1315.1851.03iGxKK由119.12K和p=100kPa,查图2-1a得t=74℃:K1=8.5,K2=2.9,K3=1.119,K4=0.48,K5=0.201003.120.003.048.010.0119.165.09.217.05.805.0iiiKyx故露点进料的进料温度为74℃。②泡点进料的进料温度设t=20℃,p=0.1MPa=100kPa,由查图2-1a得:K1=2.1,K2=0.56,K3=0.17,K4=0.055,K5=0.0171317.003.0017.01.0055.065.017.017.056.005.01.2iiixKy54.0317.017.03iGyKK由54.03K和p=100kPa,查图2-1a得t=50℃:K1=5.2,K2=1.6,K3=0.54,K4=0.21,K5=0.0851907.003.0085.01.021.065.054.017.06.105.02.5iiixKy60.0907.054.03iGyKK由60.03K和p=100kPa,查图2-1a得t=54℃:K1=5.5,K2=1.76,K3=0.60,K4=0.25,K5=0.0951992.003.0095.01.025.065.06.017.076.105.05.5iiixKy故泡点进料的进料温度为54℃。2.某混合物含丙烷a.0.451(摩尔分数),异丁烷b.0.183,正丁烷c.0.366,在t=94℃和p=2.41Mpa下进行闪蒸,试估算平衡时混
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