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《如何分析英语句子结构》一、要弄清楚英语句子的结构,我们先要弄清楚组成一个句子的各个组成部分,即句子的成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语的概念。1、主语:是一个句子所要说明的人和事物,是一句的主体。如IstudyEnglish.作主语的有:名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句。Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.Dancingisfun.Toseeistobelieve.=Seeingisbelieving.•分析句子成分,找出主语。1.TomisanAmericanstudentstudyinginChina.2.He,togetherwithhisparents,planstogobacktoAmericainthesummervacation.3.However,howtheywillgotherehasnotbeendecided.4.Eachofhisclassmateswisheshisfamilywillhaveahappyholiday.5.Itisabadhabittogotoschoolwithoutbreakfast.2、谓语:它是说明主语的动作或状态的,如IstudyEnglish中的study.作谓语的有:及物动词或不及物动词短语。(凡是句子就有时态)Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifitrains.Sofartheyhavedugmorethan100wellstogetenoughdrinkingwater.Idon’tknowwhyhewaslateforclassthismorning.3、宾语:它是表示及物动词或不及物动词短语所作用的对象的,如IstudyEnglish.作宾语的有:名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和宾语从句。Iamfondofsinging.IamsorryforwhatIhavedonetoyou.4、表语:它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身份或特征的,如Thatsoundsagoodidea.连系动词有:be,seem,keep…look,feel,sound,smell,taste…become,get,turn,fall…作表语的有:名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、表地点或方位的副词、不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句。Herjobistocleanthehall.Mydreamistobecomeascientist.Thecaketastesgood.ThereasonwhyIwaslateforschoolisthatmybikebrokedown.5、定语:它是限定名词或代词用的,作定语的有:名词、形容词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词、动名词和定语从句,若是词则多作前置定语,若是短语或定语从句则只能作后置定语。如:thepollutedrivertheriverpollutedbychemicalsThebridgeisovertheriverwhichispollutedbychemicals.6、状语:它是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用的。如Ilikeitverymuch中的very修饰much,而much又修饰like。作状语的有:副词(短语)、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)和状语从句等。状语说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。其位置多位于句首或句尾。地点和时间应按先小后大的顺序。•TheOlympicGameswasheldinBeijing,China,onAugust8th.,2008.•Unfortunately,hedidn’tpasstheexam.7、补足语:补充说明句中的主语或者宾语的,作补足语的有:名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式和分词(短语)。如Ifinditinteresting.Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinherhand.8、同位语:把一个名词(短语)、代词或从句放在另一名词或代词后,用以说明前者的性质或情况,这样的名词或代词叫同位语。如J.K.Rowling,thewriterofHarryPotter,isamotherofthreechildren.Thenewsthatherhusbandhaswonthegamemoveshertotears.二、按照句子的结构来分,英语的句子有以下三种类型:1、简单句:简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词(或并列谓语动词)。如:MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.2、并列句:并列句由并列连词(and,or,but,so等)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如:Itislate,sowemusthurry.Ilikeclassicalmusic,andIlikecountrymusictoo.3、复合句:复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句。如:Ifwewanttokeepfit,wemustalwaysrememberthatpreventionisbetterthancure.从以上并列句和复合句的例句来看,我们不难看出它们实际上是由几个简单句通过并列连词或从属连词连接起来的。因此,只要我们掌握了简单句的几种基本句型,我们就可以通过在句中寻找起连接作用的连词来分析复杂的句子。三、简单句的五种基本句型:1、主语+连系动词+表语如:I’mnotfeelingwelltoday.Ourcountryisbecomingstrongerandstronger.OurEnglishteacheristhirtyyearsold.Thecaketastesdelicious.Thepotatoeswentbadinthefields.Theirbossseemssatisfiedwithourwork.巩固练习:1.冬季白天短,夜晚长2.十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。3.树叶已经变黄了。4.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.Attheageoffifteen,hebecameafamouspianist.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.2、主语+不及物动词(或短语)(+状语)如:Thesunrisesintheeast.TheOpiumWarbrokeoutin1839.1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Theyhadtotravelbyairorboat.3.Wegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.4.Shesattherealone,readinganovel.5.Hecamebackwhenwewereeating.6.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake,butstrongonesmaystayup.巩固练习:1.她昨天回家很晚。2.会议将持续两个小时。3.2008年5月12日,四川发生地震。4.五年前我住在北京。AnearthquakehappenedinSichuanonMay12th,2008.Shewenthomeverylateyesterday.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.3、主语+及物动词(或短语)+宾语如:Ilikeapples./Ihatetobecheated.Theydecidedtoholdaclassmeeting.Wedependonourparentsforfoodandclothing.在此句型中,我们要掌握接动词不定式作宾语和接动名词作宾语的动词。常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:agree(同意),aim(目的在于),ask(要求),arrange(安排),attempt(试图),ask(要求),beg(请求),claim(声称),dare(敢于),decline(拒绝),decide(决定),demand(要求),desire(期望),determine(决定),expect(期望),hesitate(犹豫),hope(希望),intend(倾向于),long(渴望),manage(设法做),neglect(否认),offer(表示要),plan(计划),prepare(准备),pretend(假装),promise(答应),prove(证明),refuse(拒绝),re-solve(决心),seek(试图),swear(发誓),tend(倾向于),threaten(威胁),adventure(冒险),volunteer(志愿),vote(投票),vow(发誓),wish(希望)等。+todo•常与动名词做宾语连用的动词有:•enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid(避免),excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit(承认),deny(否认),mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk(冒险),appreciate(感激)•bebusy,beworth,feellike,can'tstand,can'thelp(情不自禁地),thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…from,protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,getusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston+doingsth巩固练习:1.我收到了朋友从澳大利亚寄来的信。2.我开窗户你在意吗?3.他不知道说什麽好。4.我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩。IreceivedaletterfrommyfriendinAustralia.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?Hedidnotknowwhattosay.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语如:Myfatherboughtmeanelectronicdictionary.MrWangteachesuschemistry.•若要先说出直接宾语(物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词to或for。•常跟双宾语的动词有:•(需借助to的)bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等;•(需借助for的)buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等.巩固练习:1.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。2.请把那本字典递给我好吗?3.他把车票给列车员看。4.他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。Grandmatoldusaninterestingstorylastnight.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.7.Heboughtanewcoatforhismotherwithhisfirstmonth’ssalary.5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语如:MarxmadeLondonthebaseforhisrevolutionarywork.Theboymadehissistercry.•Thesunke
本文标题:如何分析英语句子结构(有更改)
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