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M8U1GRAMMAR1.Allthatglittersisnotgold.闪闪发光的东西不一定都是金子。2.Allofusdon’twanttogo.并非大家都想去。3.Everyinstrumenthereisnotgood.这里的仪器并不都很好。其他否定形式1.借助否定词not,no,never,none,nobody,nothing,nowhere等来表达否定之意.2.借助半否定词hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,few等来表达否定之意.3.借助否定前缀a-,ab-,an-,de-,dis-,il-,im-,in-,ir-,non-,un-,under-等构成的词表达否定之意;也可以用后缀-less,-free,-proof等构成的词表达否定之意。4.含蓄否定运用含否定意义的词及词组表示否定意义•⑴.动词:absent(缺席,不到),fail(没有),defy(公然反抗),deny(否认),miss(未击中,未赶上),lack(缺乏),escape(被……忘掉),ignore(不顾),refuse(不肯,拒不),negate(否定),decline(拒绝),neglect(忽略),forbid(不许,不准),resist(抗拒)等。•⑵.动词短语:differfrom(与……不同),prefer…to(宁愿……而不),keepoff(不接近,不让……接近),keep…from/prevent…from/stop…from/protect…from(阻止,使……不),deprive…of(使丧失),losesightof(看不见),makelightof(轻视,视……不足道)等。•⑶.名词:absence(不在),failure(没有,不及格),lack(缺乏),(不愿),refusal(不肯),ignorance(无知),negation(否定),shortage(缺乏,不足),want(缺少),zero(乌有)等。•⑷.形容词及形容词短语:reluctant(不愿),absentfrom(不在,没到场),ignorantof(不知,不懂),differentfrom(与……不同),shortof(缺少,不足),farfrom(远非,决不),safefrom(免于),freefrom(不受……影响的,没有……的),freeof(无……的)等。•⑸.介词:above(超出……之外),against(反对),beneath(不值得),beyond(超出,无法……),off(离开),past(超过),but/except(除……之外)等。•⑹.介词短语:ataloss(不知所措,不知……),inthedark(不知道),invain(徒劳,无用),outofthequestion(不可能),offone'sguard(毫无防备,没有警惕),outoftheswim(不合时髦,不合潮流),atone'swits‘end(智穷计尽,不知所措),attheendofone'srope/attheendofone'srow(山穷水尽,智穷力竭)等。•⑺.其他词组及固定搭配:anythingbut/bynomeans/innocase/onnoaccount/undernocircumstances(决不),insteadof(而不),ratherthan(而不是),otherthan(不同于,除……以外),asidefrom(除了……以外),leastofall(最不),thelast(极不可能的,最不适合的),letalone/tosaynothing/…stillless,…(更不用说)等。5.运用某些结构表达否定意义too…to(太……不能)moreAthanB(与其B不如A)或morethan+含有can的从句(不能)比较级+than+不定式(不至于做)运用以连词before,unless等引出的状语从句表达否定意义用虚拟语气表达否定意义否定转移•1)将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。Eg.1.Idon‘tthinkIknowyou.我想我并不认识你。2.Idon'tbelievehewillcome.我相信他不会来。3.我希望你没有生病。Ihopeyouweren'till.注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。2)将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移到前面。Eg.Itdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.Itdoesn'tappearthatwe'llhaveasunnydaytomorrow.看来他们不知道往哪去。看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。倒装句八条1.在therebe及类似结构中There(be,stand,live,come,etc)要遵循就近原则2.在表现祝愿的句子中3.在以out,away,then,there,here,away,up,down,off,back,over等副词开头,主语又是名词的句子中主谓语序完全倒装。4.当never,seldom,hardly,scarcely,barely,rarely,little,not,nowhere,bynomeans,innoway,atnotime,neither…nor…等含有否定意义的副词及短语放在句首时,主谓语序部分倒装。5.当句首状语由“only+副词/介词短语/状语从句”构成时,句子须倒装。6.在so/such…that句型中,如果so/such提到句首,句子须倒装。7.在as或though引导的让步状语从句中将adj/adv/n等置于句首时8.在虚拟语气句中,可把if去掉,把had,should,were放到主语前面构成部分倒装。否定倒装•4.当never,seldom,hardly,scarcely,barely,rarely,little,not,nowhere,bynomeans,innoway,atnotime,neither…nor…等含有否定意义的副词及短语放在句首时,主谓语序部分倒装。e.g.1.NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.2.Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.3.Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.当Notuntil引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。1)Whycan'tIsmokehere?Atnotime___inthemeeting-roomA.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermittedC.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermitpractice2)Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatis.A.mandidknowB.manknowC.didn'tmanknowD.didmanknowA.常考否定短语的倒装:Notonly…butalso,Hardly/Scarcely…when,Nosooner…thane.g.1.Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.2.ScarcelyhadIstartedtotypemypaperwhenthetelephonerang.3.Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.4.Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.B.常考否定短语的倒装:innocase,innoway,onnoaccount,atnotime,bynomeans,under(in)nocircumstances(决不)置于句首,句子倒装Eg.1.Undernocircumstanceswillhegiveuptheplan.2.Atnotimewillchinabethefirsttouseneclearweapons
本文标题:模块八第一单元语法--否定句用法
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