从《道法会元》谈宋元符籙法派

成大宗教與文化學報第六期2006年6月頁35-5835從《道法會元》談宋元符籙法派的世界秩序觀FromTaoFaHuiYuanReviewtheWorldOrderofFuLuFaPaiinSongandYuanDynasties鄭志明JengJyh-Ming摘要《道法會元》共二百六十八卷，收集了宋元時期符籙諸派的各種符咒祕法典籍，是一部集大成的符籙專著，偏重在宋代清微、神霄等派法術的匯集，對於雷法的理論與流派，雷法所召神將與符咒等，都有詳細的論述與記載，是了解雷法最為完整與集中的資料。本文以《道法會元》整編的文獻資料，探討宋元符籙法派其雷法建構的理論基礎與表現形態，追究在傳統天人感應的宇宙學說下，如何將天地變化的雷霆觀念，轉變為生命主體修持的功法。世界秩序的維持不在於外在的天地鬼神，而是回歸到人自身的心性體驗上，進行精氣神的感通與轉化。符籙法派雖然帶有神祕性的法術的色彩，但是其修道理論的演變，逐漸強化人濟生度死的通靈能力，肯定人神合一才是世界秩序和諧的根本之道。這種人是有生命覺醒的人，是立志與天地合一的修道人。符籙法派認為只要有修道人的存在，就可以運用其靈力與法術來代天行道，將宇宙大道宣化在人間，救濟一切有情眾生與幽靈。人這種主體的覺醒，不僅未否定掉宗教的神聖性，反而更有利於宗教的傳播與發展，東亞社會宗教的普及化與生活化，與這種長期累積而來的世界秩序觀是息息相關的。關鍵詞：道教、道法會元、符籙法派、內丹法派、世界秩序、天人感應輔仁大學宗教學系教授。成大宗教與文化學報第六期36AbstractThebookTaoFaHuiYuanincludestwohundredandsixtyeightvolumes,gatheredalltheFuLuschools;andcontainedallkindsofFuJouandsecretmagicinSongYuanDynasties.It’scontentsemphasizedtheChinyueandShenSiaoschoolinSondDynasty,detailedinthestreamsandtheoriesofthundermagicwhichcalledforthedeitiesandFuJou.Thebookwhichcontainsthemostdetailedmaterials.ThisthesisisresearchingtheFuLuschoolsanditsthundermagicwhichtheprimarytheoryareconstructedandinvolvesthestyleofexpression.ItchangedthetraditionaltheoryfromTienRenGainYintothemethodofman’ssubjectivity.Themaintenanceofworldordernotintheoutside,suchasheavenanderarth,godsandghosts,butreturnedtothehumanbody,theexperienceofone’smindandhumannature,proceedingthetransitionofJing,Chi,Shen.AlthoughtheFuLuschoolhasitsmysteriousstyle,butitchangedthepracticingmethodstotheabilityofmantorescuehumanbeingfromdeath.Thespiritualpoweracknowledgedhumanandspiritcombinedtogetheristherootofharmoniousworldorder.Suchamanisawakening,andhasawilltomakehimselfcombinedwiththeheavenandearth.TheFuLuschoolconsiderifonlythecultivatorofTaoexisted,hewhocantransactinghisspiaitualpowertodeliverthepeoplefromextremesufferings.HecanpervadestheTaoofcosmostothehumanbeing.Tosaveallthelivingcreaturesandghosts.Thewakeningofman’ssubjectivity,notonlynotdenytheholinessofreligion,onthecontrary,itbenefitsthespreadinganddevelopmentofreligion.ThepopularizationandlivelystyleofreligioninEastAsiasociety,isowingtotheaccumulationofthiskindofideaofworldorder.Keywords：Taoism,TaoFaHuiYuan,FuLuschool,NeiTanFaPai,worldorder,TienRenKanYin